SwOS/CSS106: Difference between revisions

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{{Warning|This manual is moved to https://help.mikrotik.com/docs/display/SWOS/CSS106+%28RB260%29+series+Manual}}
==Summary==
==Summary==
<p>
<p>
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SwOS is configurable from your web browser. It gives you all the basic functionality for a managed switch, plus more: allows to manage port-to-port forwarding, broadcast storm control, apply MAC filter, configure VLANs, mirror traffic, apply bandwidth limitation and even adjust some MAC and IP header fields.
SwOS is configurable from your web browser. It gives you all the basic functionality for a managed switch, plus more: allows to manage port-to-port forwarding, broadcast storm control, apply MAC filter, configure VLANs, mirror traffic, apply bandwidth limitation and even adjust some MAC and IP header fields.
</p>
</p>
{{Warning | Each RouterBoard switch series have their own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models! New RB260GS (CSS106-5G-1S), new RB260GSP(CSS106-1G-4P-1S) supports SwOS v2.0 and newer.}}
{{Warning | Each RouterBOARD switch series have their own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models! New RB260GS (CSS106-5G-1S), new RB260GSP(CSS106-1G-4P-1S) supports SwOS v2.0 and newer.
When upgrading the device, it will first load primary firmware and then make an upgrade. In case a wrong firmware file is chosen, the device will continue to operate with primary firmware and you will be able to choose the correct file.}}


==CSS106 series features==
==CSS106 series features==
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</p>
</p>


==System Tab==
==System==


<p>System Tab performs the following functions:  
<p>System Tab performs the following functions:  
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<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Address Acquisition</b></td><td>Specify which address acquisition method to use:
     <td><b>Address Acquisition</b></td><td>Specify which address acquisition method to use:
* <code><b>DHCP with fallback</b></code> - For first 10 seconds switch uses DHCP client. If request is unsuccessful, then address is set as a <b>Static IP Address</b> value
* <code><b>DHCP with fallback</b></code> - for first 10 seconds switch uses DHCP client. If request is unsuccessful, then address is set as a <b>Static IP Address</b> value
* <code><b>static</b></code> - Address is set as a <b>Static IP Address</b> value
* <code><b>static</b></code> - address is set as a <b>Static IP Address</b> value
* <code><b>DHCP only</b></code> - Switch uses DHCP client to acquire address</td>  
* <code><b>DHCP only</b></code> - switch uses DHCP client to acquire address</td>  
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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[[File:Swos_password_css106.png|alt=Alt text|CSS106 System Management Settings|center|frame]]
[[File:Swos_password_css106.png|alt=Alt text|CSS106 System Management Settings|center|frame]]


==Link Tab==
==Link==


<p>Link Tab allows you to:
<p>Link Tab allows you to:
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Auto Negotiation</b></td><td>Enable or disable auto negotiation</td>
     <td><b>Auto Negotiation</b></td><td>Enable or disable auto negotiation (some SFP modules may required it disabled in order to work)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>
{{ Note | Using SFP+ 1m/3m DAC cable or S-RJ01 module, the device always shows that link is established even if nothing is connected on other end.}}


===PoE (CSS106-1G-4P-1S)===
===PoE (CSS106-1G-4P-1S)===


<p>PoE settings configure Power over Ethernet output on CSS106-1G-4P-1S port2-port5 and show PoE status and measurements.</p>
<p>PoE settings configure Power over Ethernet output on CSS106-1G-4P-1S port2-port5 and show PoE status and measurements.</p>
<br />
 
[[File:swospoe2.png|center|alt=Alt text|CSS106-1G-4P-1S PoE Out settings|740px|thumb]]
[[File:swospoe2.png|center|alt=Alt text|CSS106-1G-4P-1S PoE Out settings|740px|thumb]]
 
<br>
<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
<tr>
<tr>
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* <code><b>auto</b></code> - detection is done regarding resistance on the spare pairs to check if port has PoE capability. For port to be turned on measured value should be within range from 3kΩ to 26.5kΩ
* <code><b>auto</b></code> - detection is done regarding resistance on the spare pairs to check if port has PoE capability. For port to be turned on measured value should be within range from 3kΩ to 26.5kΩ
* <code><b>on</b></code> - PoE out is enabled regardless of the resistance on the port. '''''Use this with caution as that can damage connected equipment!'''''
* <code><b>on</b></code> - PoE out is enabled regardless of the resistance on the port. '''''Use this with caution as that can damage connected equipment!'''''
* <code><b>calibr</b></code> - Manual port PoE out recalibration. It may be necessary if there are ocasional problems with powering connected devices.
* <code><b>calibr</b></code> - manual port PoE out recalibration. It may be necessary if there are ocasional problems with powering connected devices.
</td>
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
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</table>
</table>


==SFP Tab (RB260GS/RB260GSP)==
==SFP==
 
<p>SFP tab allows you to monitor status of SFP modules.</p>
 
[[File:Swos_sfp_css106.png|alt=Alt text|SFP Tab|center|frame]]
 
 
==Forwarding==


[[File:swos-sfp2.png|alt=Alt text|Link settings|center|frame]]
<p>Forwarding Tab provides advanced forwarding options among switch ports, port isolation, port locking, port mirroring and egress bandwidth limit features.</p>
<p>Ingress rate per port as well as rate for broadcast traffic can be configured with [[#ACL_Tab | Access Control List]] by setting <code><b>Rate</b></code>. ACL must have one port per entry to provide bandwidth limiting properly.</p>
 
[[File:swos-forwarding2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Forwarding settings|740px|thumb]]
<br>


<p>SFP Tab allows you to:
* Configure SFP port
* Monitor status of SFP port</p>
<br />
<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
<tr>
<tr>
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Enabled</b></td><td>Enable or disable SFP port</td>
     <td><b>Forwarding</b></td><td>Forwarding table - allows or restricts traffic flow between specific ports</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Port Lock</b></td><td>
* <code><b>Port Lock</b></code> - Enables or disables MAC address learning on this port. When option is enabled, it will restrict MAC address learning and static MAC addresses should be configured
* <code><b>Lock On First</b></code> - enable or disable MAC address learning on this port (MAC address from the first recieved packet will still be learnt)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Auto Negotiation</b></td><td>Enable or disable auto negotiation of SFP port (some SFP modules may required it disabled in order to work)</td>
     <td><b>Port Mirroring</b></td><td>
* <code><b>Mirror Ingress</b></code> - whether traffic entering this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port
* <code><b>Mirror Egress</b></code> - whether traffic leaving this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port
* <code><b>Mirror To</b></code> - mirroring target port</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Bandwidth Limit</b></td><td>
* <code><b>Egress Rate</b></code> - limit traffic leaving this port (bps)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>


==Forwarding Tab==
==RSTP==
<p>Per port and global RSTP configuration and monitoring is available in the RSTP menu.</p>


<p>Forwarding Tab provides advanced forwarding options among switch ports, port locking, port mirroring, bandwidth limit and broadcast storm control features.</p>
[[File:Swos_RSTP_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|CSS106 RSTP Settings|center|frame]]
<p>On RB260 series switches ingress rate per port as well as rate for broadcast traffic can be configured with [[#ACL_Tab | Access Control List]] by setting <code><b>Rate</b></code>. ACL must have one port per entry to provide bandwidth limiting properly.</p>
<br />


[[File:swos-forwarding2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Forwarding settings|740px|thumb]]
<br>


<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Forwarding</b></td><td>Forwarding table - allows or restricts traffic flow between specific ports</td>
     <td><b>RSTP</b></td><td>Enable or disable STP/RSTP functionality on this port</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Mode</b></td><td> Shows STP/RSTP functionality mode on specific port (Read-only):
* <code><b>RSTP</b></code>
* <code><b>STP</b></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Role</b></td><td>Shows specific port role (Read-only):
* <code><b>root</b></code> - port that is facing towards the root bridge and will be used to forward traffic from/to the root bridge
* <code><b>alternate</b></code> - port that is facing towards root bridge, but is not going to forward traffic (a backup for root port)
* <code><b>backup</b></code> - port that is facing away from the root bridge, but is not going to forward traffic (a backup for non-root port)
* <code><b>designated</b></code> - port that is facing away from the root bridge and is going to forward traffic
* <code><b>disabled</b></code> - port that is not strictly part of STP (RSTP functionality is disabled) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Root Path Cost</b></td><td>Shows root path cost for ports that are facing root bridge (Read-only)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Type</b></td><td>
* <code><b>edge</b></code> - ports that are not supposed to receive any BPDUs, should be connected to end station (Read-only)
* <code><b>point-to-point</b></code> - ports that operates in full-duplex links, can be part of STP and operate in forwarding state (Read-only)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Port Lock</b></td><td>
     <td><b>State</b></td><td>Shows each port state (Read-only):
* <code><b>Port Lock</b></code> - Enable or disable MAC address learning on this port
* <code><b>forwarding</b></code> - port participates in traffic forwarding and is learning MAC addresses, is receiving BPDUs
* <code><b>Lock On First</b></code> - Enable or disable MAC address learning on this port (MAC address from the first recieved packet will still be learnt)</td>
* <code><b>discarding</b></code> - port does not participate in traffic forwarding and is not learning MAC addresses, is receiving BPDU
* <code><b>learning</b></code> - port does not participate in traffic forwarding, but is learning MAC addresses</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="styled_table" >
<tr>
  <th width="25%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Port Mirroring</b></td><td>
<tr>
* <code><b>Mirror Ingress</b></code> - Whether traffic entering this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port
     <td><b>Bridge Priority (hex)</b></td><td>RSTP bridge priority for Root Bridge selection</td>
* <code><b>Mirror Egress</b></code> - Whether traffic leaving this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port
* <code><b>Mirror To</b></code> - Mirroring target port</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Bandwidth Limit</b></td><td>
     <td><b>Port Cost Mode</b></td><td>There are two methods for automatically detecting RSTP port cost depending on link speed.
* <code><b>Ingress Rate</b></code> -  Limit traffic entering this port (bps) ''(only supported on RB250GS)''
* <code>'''short'''</code>: 10G - 2; 1G - 4; 100M - 10; 10M - 100
* <code><b>Egress Rate</b></code> - Limit traffic leaving this port (bps)</td>
* <code>'''long'''</code>: 10G - 2000; 1G - 20000; 100M - 200000; 10M - 2000000</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Broadcast Storm Control</b></td><td>
     <td><b>Root Bridge</b></td><td>The priority and MAC address of the selected Root Bridge in the network (Read-only)</td>
* <code><b>Storm Rate</b></code> -  Limit the number of broadcast packets transmitted by an interface ''(only supported on RB250GS)''
 
* <code><b>Include Unicast</b></code> - Include unicast packets without an entry in host table in <code>Storm Rate</code> limitation ''(only supported on RB250GS)''</td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>


==Statistics Tab==
==Statistics, Errors==


<p>Provides detailed information about received and transmitted packets.</p>
<p>Provides detailed information about received and transmitted packets.</p>


[[File:swos-statistics2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Port statistics|740px|thumb]]
[[File:Swos_stats_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|Port statistics|740px|thumb]]
 
<br>
 
[[File:Swos_error_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|Port errors|740px|thumb]]


<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>


==Packet Flow==


Packet processing in SwOS is described here: [http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Packet_flow_through_Atheros8316 Atheros8316 packet flow diagram]
==VLAN==
 
==VLAN Tab==


<p>VLAN configuration for Switch ports.</p>
<p>VLAN configuration for Switch ports.</p>


[[File:swos-vlan2.png|center|alt=Alt text|VLAN settings|740px|thumb]]
[[File:swos-vlan2.png|center|alt=Alt text|VLAN settings|740px|thumb]]
<br>


<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>VLAN Receive</b></td><td>Defines the type of allowed packets on ingress port: <code>any / only tagged / only untagged</code> ''(only supported on RB260GS)''</td>
     <td><b>VLAN Receive</b></td><td>Defines the type of allowed packets on ingress port:
* <code><b>any</b></code> - allows tagged and untagged packets on a certain port
* <code><b>only tagged</b></code> - allows only packets with a VLAN tag
* <code><b>only untagged</b></code> - allows only packets without a VLAN tag</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Default VLAN ID</b></td><td>Switch will treat both untagged and "Default VLAN ID" tagged ingress packets as they are tagged with this VLAN ID. VLAN tag itself will be added only if there is <code>VLAN Header = add if missing</code> specified on egress port</td>
     <td><b>Default VLAN ID</b></td><td>Switch will treat both untagged and "Default VLAN ID" tagged ingress packets as they are tagged with this VLAN ID. It is also used to untag egress traffic if packet's VLAN ID matches "Default VLAN ID". The VLAN tag itself will only be added if there is <code>VLAN Header = add if missing</code> specified on egress port</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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{{ Note | VLAN modes <code><b>enabled</b></code> and <code><b>strict</b></code> require VLAN ID 1 in VLANs table to allow access of untagged traffic to switch itself.}}
{{ Note | VLAN modes <code><b>enabled</b></code> and <code><b>strict</b></code> require VLAN ID 1 in VLANs table to allow access of untagged traffic to switch itself.}}


===Example===
===VLAN Configuration Examples===


*[http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/SwOS/Router-On-A-Stick  802.1Q Trunk]
Simple trunk and access port configuration, as well as trunk and hybrid port configuration examples can be found in this article  - [[SwOS/CSS106-VLAN-Example]].
*[http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/SwOS/SWOS-802.1Q-TrunkTwoSwitches 802.1Q Trunk with two switches]


==VLANs Tab==
==VLANs==


<p>VLAN tables specifies certain forwarding rules for packets that have specific 802.1q tag. Basically the table contains entries that map specific VLAN tag IDs to a group of one or more ports. Packets with VLAN tags leave switch through one or more ports that are set in corresponding table entry. VLAN table works together with destination MAC lookup to determine egress ports. VLAN table supports up to 4096 entries.</p>
<p>VLAN tables specifies certain forwarding rules for packets that have specific IEEE 802.1Q tag. Basically the table contains entries that map specific VLAN tag IDs to a group of one or more ports. Packets with VLAN tags leave switch through one or more ports that are set in corresponding table entry. VLAN table works together with destination MAC lookup to determine egress ports. VLAN table supports up to 250 entries.</p>


<h3>RB250GS VLANs tab</h3>
[[File:Swos_vlan_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|CSS106 VLANs settings|center|frame]]
 
<br>
[[File:rb250gsvlans.png|center|alt=Alt text|RB250GS VLANs settings|740px|thumb]]


<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Ports</b></td><td>Ports the packet should be mapped to</td>
     <td><b>IVL</b></td><td>Enables or disables independent VLAN learning (IVL)</td>
</tr>
</table>
 
<h3>RB260GS VLANs tab</h3>
 
[[File:rb260gsvlans.png|center|alt=Alt text|RB260GS VLANs settings|740px|thumb]]
 
<table class="styled_table" >
<tr>
  <th width="25%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>VLAN ID</b></td><td>VLAN ID of the packet</td>
     <td><b>IGMP Snooping</b></td><td>Enables or disables IGMP Snooping on the defined VLAN. When enabled, the switch will listen to IGMP Join and Leave requests from the defined VLAN and only forward traffic to ports, which have sent IGMP membership requests from the defined VLAN. When disabled, the switch will flood all VLAN member ports with Multicast traffic.</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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</table>
</table>


==Hosts Tab==
==Hosts==


<p>This table represents dynamically learnt MAC address to port mapping entries. When Switch receives a packet from certain port, it adds the packets source MAC address X and port it received the packet from to host table, so when a packet comes in with destination MAC address X it knows to which port it should forward the packet. If the destination MAC address is not present in host table then it forwards the packet to all ports in the group. Dynamic entries take about 5 minutes to time out.</p>
<p>This table represents dynamically learnt MAC address to port mapping entries. It can contain two kinds of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic entries get added automatically, this is also called a learning process: when switch receives a packet from certain port, it adds the packet's source MAC address X and port it received the packet from to host table, so when a packet comes in with destination MAC address X it knows to which port it should forward the packet. If the destination MAC address is not present in host table then it forwards the packet to all ports in the group. Dynamic entries take about 5 minutes to time out.</p>


<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>


{{ Note | RB250G and RB260G series switches support 2048 host table entries.  }}
{{ Note | CSS106 series switches support 2048 host table entries.  }}


[[File:swos-hosts2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Host table|740px|thumb]]
[[File:Swos_hosts_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|Host table|center|frame]]
<br>


<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Ports</b></td><td>Ports the packet should be forwarded to (Read-only)</td>
     <td><b>Port</b></td><td>Ports the packet should be forwarded to (Read-only)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>VLAN ID</b></td><td>Learned VLAN ID (Read-only) ''(only supported on RB260GS/RB260GSP)''</td>
     <td><b>VLAN ID</b></td><td>Learned VLAN ID (Read-only)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>


==Static Hosts Tab==
===Static Hosts===


<p>Static host table entries. Static entries will take over dynamic if dynamic entry with same mac-address already exists. Also by adding a static entry you get access to some more functionality.</p>
<p>Static entries will take over dynamic if dynamic entry with same mac-address already exists. Also by adding a static entry you get access to some more functionality.</p>


[[File:swos-static2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Static host table|740px|thumb]]
[[File:swos-static2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Static host table|740px|thumb]]
<br>


<table class="styled_table" >
<table class="styled_table" >
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</table>
</table>


==ACL Tab==
==IGMP Groups==
<p>IGMP Snooping which controls multicast streams and prevents multicast flooding is implemented in SwOS starting from version 2.5. The feature allows a switch to listen in the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers.</p>
<p>First, enable option under System tab.</p>
 
[[File:Swos_igmp2_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|IGMP Snooping under System tab|center|frame]]
<br>
 
Available IGMP snooping data can be found under IGMP Group tab:


<p>An access control list (ACL) rule table is very powerful tool allowing wire speed packet filtering, forwarding and VLAN tagging based on L2,L3 protocol header field conditions.  SwOS allow you to implement limited number of access control list rules (32 simple rules (only L2 conditions are used); 16 rules where both L2 and L3 conditions are used; or 8 advanced rules where all L2,L3 and L4 conditions are used).
[[File:Swos_igmp_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|CSS106 series IGMP Snooping|center|frame]]
</p>
<br>
 
Possibility to enable IGMP Snooping for specific VLAN ID.
[[File:Swos_igmp3_css106.png|center|alt=Alt text|CSS106 series IGMP Snooping|center|frame]]
 
==SNMP==
 
<p>SwOS supports SNMP v1 and uses IF-MIB, SNMPv2-MIB, BRIDGE-MIB and MIKROTIK-MIB (only for health, PoE-out and SFP diagnostics) for SNMP reporting.</p>
 
Available SNMP data:
* <code><b>System information</b></code>
* <code><b>System uptime</b></code>
* <code><b>Port status</b></code>
* <code><b>Interface statistics</b></code>
* <code><b>Host table information</b></code>
 
[[File:swos-snmp2.png|alt=Alt text|SNMP settings|center|frame]]
<br>
 
<table class="styled_table" >
<tr>
  <th width="25%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Enabled</b></td><td>Enable or disable SNMP service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Community</b></td><td>SNMP community name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Contact Info</b></td><td>Contact information for the NMS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Location</b></td><td>Location information for the NMS</td>
</tr>
</table>
 
==ACL==
 
<p>An access control list (ACL) rule table is very powerful tool allowing wire speed packet filtering, forwarding and VLAN tagging based on L2,L3 protocol header field conditions.  SwOS allow you to implement limited number of access control list rules (32 simple rules (only L2 conditions are used); 16 rules where both L2 and L3 conditions are used; or 8 advanced rules where all L2,L3 and L4 conditions are used). Each rule contains a conditions part and an action part.</p>


[[File:swos-acl2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Access Control List settings|740px|thumb]]
[[File:swos-acl2.png|center|alt=Alt text|Access Control List settings|740px|thumb]]
 
<br>
<p>Each rule contains a conditions part and an action part.</p>


<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
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</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
     <td><b>Rate</b></td><td>Limits bandwidth (bps) ''(only supported on RB260GS/RB260GSP)''</td>
     <td><b>Rate</b></td><td>Limits bandwidth (bps)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
==SNMP Tab==
<p>SNMP Tab consists of settings to monitor the Switch remotely.</p>
Available SNMP data:
* <code><b>System information</b></code>
* <code><b>System uptime</b></code>
* <code><b>Port status</b></code>
* <code><b>Interface statistics</b></code>
[[File:swos-snmp2.png|alt=Alt text|SNMP settings|center|frame]]
<table class="styled_table" >
<tr>
  <th width="25%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Enabled</b></td><td>Enable or disable SNMP service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Community</b></td><td>SNMP community name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Contact Info</b></td><td>Contact information for the NMS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><b>Location</b></td><td>Location information for the NMS</td>
</tr>
</table>


== Reset ==
== Reset ==


=== SwOS v1.x - RB260GS and RB260GSP ===
The CSS106-5G-1S and CSS106-1G-4P-1S has built-in backup SwOS firmware which can be loaded in case standard firmware breaks or upgrade fails:
 
There are two ways to reset the device to defaults:
 
==== Reset button ====
 
The only button on the SwOS device. It has two functions:
 
*Hold this button during boot time until LED light starts flashing, release the button to reset SwOS configuration (same result as with reset hole)
*Hold this button during boot time longer, until LED starts to blink twice as fast, and then release it to make the device wait for TFTP firmware upgrade
 
==== Jumper reset hole ====
 
Located on the bottom of case, behind one of the rubber feet of device – resets SwOS software to defaults. Must short circuit the metallic sides of the hole (with a screwdriver, for example) and boot the device. Hold screwdriver in place until SwOS configuration is cleared.
 
=== SwOS v2.x - RB260GS(CSS106-5G-1S) and RB260GSP(CSS106-1G-4P-1S) ===
 
The new RB260GS(CSS106-5G-1S) and RB260GSP(CSS106-1G-4P-1S) has built-in backup SwOS firmware which can be loaded in case standard firmware breaks or upgrade fails:
*Holding Reset button for few seconds while device is booting resets configuration and loads backup firmware SwOS 2.0p. <br/>
*Holding Reset button for few seconds while device is booting resets configuration and loads backup firmware SwOS 2.0p. <br/>
*After loading backup firmware SwOS 2.0p it is possible to connect to 192.168.88.1 using web browser and install new SwOS firmware.
*After loading backup firmware SwOS 2.0p it is possible to connect to 192.168.88.1 using web browser and install new SwOS firmware.
==Reinstall SwOS firmware==
<p>It is possible to upload and install SwOS firmware using BOOTP. This example shows how to reinstall SwOS using RouterOS.</p>
{{Warning | Each RouterBoard switch series have their own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models! In case wrong installation is accidentally done, correct firmware has to be reinstalled following these instructions.<br />
<br />
* RB250GS supports SwOS v1.0 till v1.17.
* RB260GS supports SwOS v1.7 till v1.17.
* RB260GSP supports SwOS v1.11 till v1.17.}}
 
* Configure IP address and DHCP server with BOOTP enabled on the installation router.
<pre>/ip address
add address=10.0.0.1/24 interface=ether1
</pre>
<pre>/ip pool
add name=dhcp_pool1 ranges=10.0.0.2-10.0.0.254
/ip dhcp-server
add interface=ether1 address-pool=dhcp_pool1 bootp-support=dynamic disabled=no
/ip dhcp-server network
add address=10.0.0.0/24 gateway=10.0.0.1
</pre>
*Upload new SwOS firmware file to the router filesystem.
<pre>[admin@MikroTik] /file> print
# NAME                    TYPE          SIZE                CREATION-TIME     
0 swos-rb260-1.14.lzb    .lzb file        38142              sep/02/2014 08:40:17</pre>
* Configure TFTP server.
<pre>/ip tftp
add ip-addresses=10.0.0.0/24 real-filename=swos-rb260-1.14.lzb read-only=yes allow=yes</pre>
* Hold the RESET button of the switch when starting it.
* After few seconds ACT LED will start blinking. Wait till ACT LED blinks twice as fast and release RESET button.
* Make ethernet connection between the switch Port1 and ethernet port you configured DHCP server on. After few seconds new firmware should be successfully uploaded and installed.
<br />

Latest revision as of 15:29, 21 July 2021



Summary

SwOS is an operating system designed specifically for administration of MikroTik Switch products.

SwOS is configurable from your web browser. It gives you all the basic functionality for a managed switch, plus more: allows to manage port-to-port forwarding, broadcast storm control, apply MAC filter, configure VLANs, mirror traffic, apply bandwidth limitation and even adjust some MAC and IP header fields.

Warning: Each RouterBOARD switch series have their own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models! New RB260GS (CSS106-5G-1S), new RB260GSP(CSS106-1G-4P-1S) supports SwOS v2.0 and newer. When upgrading the device, it will first load primary firmware and then make an upgrade. In case a wrong firmware file is chosen, the device will continue to operate with primary firmware and you will be able to choose the correct file.


CSS106 series features

FeaturesDescription
Forwarding
  • Full non-blocking wirespeed switching
  • Up to 2k MAC entries in Host table
  • Forwarding Database works based on SVL or IVL
  • Port Isolation
  • Port Lock
  • Jumbo frame support - 9198 bytes
Spanning Tree Protocol
  • RSTP support
Multicast Forwarding
  • IGMP Snooping support
Mirroring
  • Port based mirroring
VLAN
  • Fully compatible with IEEE802.1Q
  • Port based VLAN
  • VLAN filtering
Quality of Service (QoS)
  • Ingress traffic limiting (by ACL)
  • Egress traffic limiting
Access Control List
  • Ingress ACL tables
  • Up to 32 ACL rules (limited by SwOS)
  • Classification based on ports, L2, L3, L4 protocol header fields
  • ACL actions include filtering, forwarding and modifying of the protocol header fields

Connecting to the Switch

Open your web browser and enter IP address of your Switch (192.168.88.1 by default) and login screen will appear.

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SwOS Login

SwOS default IP address: 192.168.88.1, user name: admin and there is no password.

Note: MikroTik neighbor discovery protocol tools can be used to discover IP address of Mikrotik Switch. Manual:IP/Neighbor_discovery. Currently LLDP is not supported.


Interface Overview

SwOS interface menu consists of several tabs: Link, SFP, Forwarding, RST, Statistics, Errors, VLAN, VLANs, Hosts, IGMP Groups, SNMP, ACL, System and Upgrade.

Description of buttons in SwOS configuration tool:

  • Append - add new item to the end of the list
  • Apply All - applies current configuration changes
  • Cut - removes item from the list
  • Clear - resets properties of the item
  • Discard Changes - removes unsaved configuration
  • Insert - add new item to the list (places it before current item)
  • Sort - sort VLAN table by VLAN-IDs; sort host table by MAC addresses


  • Change Password - changes password of the switch
  • Logout - logout from current Switch
  • Reboot - reboot the switch
  • Reset Configuration - reset configuration back to factory defaults
  • Choose File - browse for upgrade or backup file
  • Upgrade - upgrade firmware of the Switch
  • Restore Backup - restore Switch using selected backup file
  • Save Backup - generate and download backup file from the Switch

System

System Tab performs the following functions:

  • General information about Switch
  • Switch management
  • Configuration reset
  • Backup and restore configuration

Note: SwOS uses a simple algorithm to ensure TCP/IP communication - it just replies to the same IP and MAC address packet came from. This way there is no need for Default Gateway on the device itself.


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General settings


Property Description
Address AcquisitionSpecify which address acquisition method to use:
  • DHCP with fallback - for first 10 seconds switch uses DHCP client. If request is unsuccessful, then address is set as a Static IP Address value
  • static - address is set as a Static IP Address value
  • DHCP only - switch uses DHCP client to acquire address
Static IP AddressIP address of the switch in case of Address Acquisition is set as DHCP with fallback or static
IdentityName of the Switch (for Mikrotik neighbor discovery protocol)
Allow FromIP address from which the service is accessible. Default value is '0.0.0.0/0' - any address
Allow From PortsList of switch ports from which the service is accessible
Allow From VLANVLAN ID with which the service is accessible (VLAN Mode on ingress port must be other than disabled in order to connect)
WatchdogEnable or disable system watchdog. It will reset CPU of the switch in case of fault condition
Independent VLAN LookupEnable or disable independent VLAN lookup in the Host table for packet forwarding
IGMP SnoopingEnable or disable IGMP Snooping
Mikrotik Discovery ProtocolEnable or disable Mikrotik neighbor discovery protocol
Port1 PoE In Long CableIf enabled, it will turn off short detection on all PoE out ports to allow use of longer ethernet cables. This is potentially dangerous setting and should be used with caution. (CSS106-1G-4P-1S model)
MAC AddressMAC address of the Switch (Read-only)
Serial NumberSerial number of the switch (Read-only)
Board NameMikroTik model name of the switch (CSS106 model, Read-only)

Health (CSS106-1G-4P-1S)

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CSS106-1G-4P-1S Health settings


Property Description
VoltageShows the input voltage measured in volts
TemperatureShows PCB temperature in celsius temperature scale

Password and Backup

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CSS106 System Management Settings

Link

Link Tab allows you to:

  • Configure Ethernet and SFP ports
  • Monitor status of Ethernet and SFP ports

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Link settings


Property Description
EnabledEnable or disable port
NameEditable port name
Link StatusCurrent link status (Read-only)
Auto NegotiationEnable or disable auto negotiation (some SFP modules may required it disabled in order to work)
SpeedSpecify speed setting of the port (requires auto negotiation to be disabled)
Full DuplexSpecify duplex mode of the port (requires auto negotiation to be disabled)
Flow control Enable or disable 802.3x Flow control

Note: Using SFP+ 1m/3m DAC cable or S-RJ01 module, the device always shows that link is established even if nothing is connected on other end.


PoE (CSS106-1G-4P-1S)

PoE settings configure Power over Ethernet output on CSS106-1G-4P-1S port2-port5 and show PoE status and measurements.

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CSS106-1G-4P-1S PoE Out settings


Property Description
PoE Out

Sets PoE out mode of the port:

  • off - all detection and PoE out is turned off
  • auto - detection is done regarding resistance on the spare pairs to check if port has PoE capability. For port to be turned on measured value should be within range from 3kΩ to 26.5kΩ
  • on - PoE out is enabled regardless of the resistance on the port. Use this with caution as that can damage connected equipment!
  • calibr - manual port PoE out recalibration. It may be necessary if there are ocasional problems with powering connected devices.
PoE PriorityPort priority for PoE out supply. If installation is going over power budged, port with the lowest priority is going to be turned off first. 1 - the highest priority port; 4 - the lowest priority port
PoE Status

Current PoE out status of the port:

  • disabled - PoE out is turned off
  • waiting for load - "auto" mode detects out of range resistance to turn on PoE out
  • powered on - PoE out is turned on
  • short circuit - if it is detected, to ensure that there is no additional damage on powered device and no damage on powering device PoE out is turned off
  • voltage too low - not enough voltage supplied to turn on device with PoE out
  • current too low - not enough current supplied to turn on device with PoE out
  • waiting for cable disconnect - manual recalibration with "calibr" has detected connected device and waits for disconnection to complete the recalibration process
PoE CurrentShows current usage on the port measured in miliamperes
PoE PowerShows PoE out power on the port measured in watts

SFP

SFP tab allows you to monitor status of SFP modules.

Alt text
SFP Tab


Forwarding

Forwarding Tab provides advanced forwarding options among switch ports, port isolation, port locking, port mirroring and egress bandwidth limit features.

Ingress rate per port as well as rate for broadcast traffic can be configured with Access Control List by setting Rate. ACL must have one port per entry to provide bandwidth limiting properly.

Alt text
Forwarding settings


Property Description
ForwardingForwarding table - allows or restricts traffic flow between specific ports
Port Lock
  • Port Lock - Enables or disables MAC address learning on this port. When option is enabled, it will restrict MAC address learning and static MAC addresses should be configured
  • Lock On First - enable or disable MAC address learning on this port (MAC address from the first recieved packet will still be learnt)
Port Mirroring
  • Mirror Ingress - whether traffic entering this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port
  • Mirror Egress - whether traffic leaving this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port
  • Mirror To - mirroring target port
Bandwidth Limit
  • Egress Rate - limit traffic leaving this port (bps)

RSTP

Per port and global RSTP configuration and monitoring is available in the RSTP menu.

Alt text
CSS106 RSTP Settings


Property Description
RSTPEnable or disable STP/RSTP functionality on this port
Mode Shows STP/RSTP functionality mode on specific port (Read-only):
  • RSTP
  • STP
RoleShows specific port role (Read-only):
  • root - port that is facing towards the root bridge and will be used to forward traffic from/to the root bridge
  • alternate - port that is facing towards root bridge, but is not going to forward traffic (a backup for root port)
  • backup - port that is facing away from the root bridge, but is not going to forward traffic (a backup for non-root port)
  • designated - port that is facing away from the root bridge and is going to forward traffic
  • disabled - port that is not strictly part of STP (RSTP functionality is disabled)
Root Path CostShows root path cost for ports that are facing root bridge (Read-only)
Type
  • edge - ports that are not supposed to receive any BPDUs, should be connected to end station (Read-only)
  • point-to-point - ports that operates in full-duplex links, can be part of STP and operate in forwarding state (Read-only)
StateShows each port state (Read-only):
  • forwarding - port participates in traffic forwarding and is learning MAC addresses, is receiving BPDUs
  • discarding - port does not participate in traffic forwarding and is not learning MAC addresses, is receiving BPDU
  • learning - port does not participate in traffic forwarding, but is learning MAC addresses
Property Description
Bridge Priority (hex)RSTP bridge priority for Root Bridge selection
Port Cost ModeThere are two methods for automatically detecting RSTP port cost depending on link speed.
  • short: 10G - 2; 1G - 4; 100M - 10; 10M - 100
  • long: 10G - 2000; 1G - 20000; 100M - 200000; 10M - 2000000
Root BridgeThe priority and MAC address of the selected Root Bridge in the network (Read-only)

Statistics, Errors

Provides detailed information about received and transmitted packets.

Alt text
Port statistics


Alt text
Port errors


VLAN

VLAN configuration for Switch ports.

Alt text
VLAN settings


Property Description
VLAN Mode

VLAN mode for ingress port:

  • disabled - VLAN table is not used. Switch ignores VLAN tag part of tagged packets
  • optional - Handle packets with VLAN tag ID that is not present in VLAN table just like packets without VLAN tag
  • enabled - Drop packets with VLAN tag ID that is not present in VLAN table. Packets without VLAN tag are treat as tagged packets with Default VLAN ID
  • strict - Same as enable, but also checks VLAN support for inbound interface (drop packets with VLAN tag ID and ingress port that are not present in VLAN table)
VLAN ReceiveDefines the type of allowed packets on ingress port:
  • any - allows tagged and untagged packets on a certain port
  • only tagged - allows only packets with a VLAN tag
  • only untagged - allows only packets without a VLAN tag
Default VLAN IDSwitch will treat both untagged and "Default VLAN ID" tagged ingress packets as they are tagged with this VLAN ID. It is also used to untag egress traffic if packet's VLAN ID matches "Default VLAN ID". The VLAN tag itself will only be added if there is VLAN Header = add if missing specified on egress port
Force VLAN IDWhether to apply Default VLAN ID to incoming packets with VLAN tag
VLAN Header
  • leave as is - if VLAN header is present it remains unchanged
  • always strip - if VLAN header is present it is removed from the packet
  • add if missing - if VLAN header is not present it is added to the packet (VLAN ID will be Default VLAN ID of ingress port)

Note: VLAN modes enabled and strict require VLAN ID 1 in VLANs table to allow access of untagged traffic to switch itself.


VLAN Configuration Examples

Simple trunk and access port configuration, as well as trunk and hybrid port configuration examples can be found in this article - SwOS/CSS106-VLAN-Example.

VLANs

VLAN tables specifies certain forwarding rules for packets that have specific IEEE 802.1Q tag. Basically the table contains entries that map specific VLAN tag IDs to a group of one or more ports. Packets with VLAN tags leave switch through one or more ports that are set in corresponding table entry. VLAN table works together with destination MAC lookup to determine egress ports. VLAN table supports up to 250 entries.

Alt text
CSS106 VLANs settings


Property Description
VLAN IDVLAN ID of the packet
IVLEnables or disables independent VLAN learning (IVL)
IGMP SnoopingEnables or disables IGMP Snooping on the defined VLAN. When enabled, the switch will listen to IGMP Join and Leave requests from the defined VLAN and only forward traffic to ports, which have sent IGMP membership requests from the defined VLAN. When disabled, the switch will flood all VLAN member ports with Multicast traffic.
PortsEach port has individual VLAN header options for each VLAN ID. Depending on VLAN mode if lookup is done in this table, egress action of packets is processed by this option. Egress option from VLAN tab is ignored.

Hosts

This table represents dynamically learnt MAC address to port mapping entries. It can contain two kinds of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic entries get added automatically, this is also called a learning process: when switch receives a packet from certain port, it adds the packet's source MAC address X and port it received the packet from to host table, so when a packet comes in with destination MAC address X it knows to which port it should forward the packet. If the destination MAC address is not present in host table then it forwards the packet to all ports in the group. Dynamic entries take about 5 minutes to time out.

Note: CSS106 series switches support 2048 host table entries.


Alt text
Host table


Property Description
PortPorts the packet should be forwarded to (Read-only)
MACLearned MAC address (Read-only)
VLAN IDLearned VLAN ID (Read-only)

Static Hosts

Static entries will take over dynamic if dynamic entry with same mac-address already exists. Also by adding a static entry you get access to some more functionality.

Alt text
Static host table


Property Description
PortsPorts the packet should be forwarded to
MACMAC address
VLAN IDVLAN ID (only supported on RB260GS/RB260GSP)
DropPacket with certain MAC address coming from certain ports can be dropped
MirrorPacket can be cloned and sent to mirror-target port

IGMP Groups

IGMP Snooping which controls multicast streams and prevents multicast flooding is implemented in SwOS starting from version 2.5. The feature allows a switch to listen in the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers.

First, enable option under System tab.

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IGMP Snooping under System tab


Available IGMP snooping data can be found under IGMP Group tab:

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CSS106 series IGMP Snooping


Possibility to enable IGMP Snooping for specific VLAN ID.

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CSS106 series IGMP Snooping

SNMP

SwOS supports SNMP v1 and uses IF-MIB, SNMPv2-MIB, BRIDGE-MIB and MIKROTIK-MIB (only for health, PoE-out and SFP diagnostics) for SNMP reporting.

Available SNMP data:

  • System information
  • System uptime
  • Port status
  • Interface statistics
  • Host table information
Alt text
SNMP settings


Property Description
EnabledEnable or disable SNMP service
CommunitySNMP community name
Contact InfoContact information for the NMS
LocationLocation information for the NMS

ACL

An access control list (ACL) rule table is very powerful tool allowing wire speed packet filtering, forwarding and VLAN tagging based on L2,L3 protocol header field conditions. SwOS allow you to implement limited number of access control list rules (32 simple rules (only L2 conditions are used); 16 rules where both L2 and L3 conditions are used; or 8 advanced rules where all L2,L3 and L4 conditions are used). Each rule contains a conditions part and an action part.

Alt text
Access Control List settings


Conditions part parameters

Property Description
FromPort that packet came in from
MAC SrcSource MAC address and mask
MAC DstDestination MAC address and mask
EthertypeProtocol encapsulated in the payload of an Ethernet Frame
VLAN

VLAN header presence:

  • any
  • present
  • not present
VLAN IDVLAN tag ID
PriorityPriority in VLAN tag
IP Src (IP/netmask:port)Source IPv4 address, netmask and L4 port number
IP Dst (IP/netmask:port)Destination IPv4 address, netmask and L4 port number
ProtocolIP protocol
DSCPIP DSCP field

Action part parameters

Property Description
Redirect ToWhether to force new destination ports (If Redirect To is enabled and no ports specified in Redirect To Ports, packet will be dropped )
Redirect To PortsDestination ports for
MirrorClones packet and sends it to mirror-target port
RateLimits bandwidth (bps)
Set VLAN IDChanges the VLAN tag ID, if VLAN tag is present
PriorityChanges the VLAN tag priority bits, if VLAN tag is present

Reset

The CSS106-5G-1S and CSS106-1G-4P-1S has built-in backup SwOS firmware which can be loaded in case standard firmware breaks or upgrade fails:

  • Holding Reset button for few seconds while device is booting resets configuration and loads backup firmware SwOS 2.0p.
  • After loading backup firmware SwOS 2.0p it is possible to connect to 192.168.88.1 using web browser and install new SwOS firmware.
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