SwOS/CSS106: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:29, 21 July 2021

Warning: This manual is moved to https://help.mikrotik.com/docs/display/SWOS/CSS106+%28RB260%29+series+Manual

Summary

SwOS is an operating system designed specifically for administration of MikroTik Switch products.

SwOS is configurable from your web browser. It gives you all the basic functionality for a managed switch, plus more: allows to manage port-to-port forwarding, broadcast storm control, apply MAC filter, configure VLANs, mirror traffic, apply bandwidth limitation and even adjust some MAC and IP header fields.

Warning: Each RouterBOARD switch series have their own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models! New RB260GS (CSS106-5G-1S), new RB260GSP(CSS106-1G-4P-1S) supports SwOS v2.0 and newer. When upgrading the device, it will first load primary firmware and then make an upgrade. In case a wrong firmware file is chosen, the device will continue to operate with primary firmware and you will be able to choose the correct file.

CSS106 series features

Features	Description
Forwarding	Full non-blocking wirespeed switching Up to 2k MAC entries in Host table Forwarding Database works based on SVL or IVL Port Isolation Port Lock Jumbo frame support - 9198 bytes
Spanning Tree Protocol	RSTP support
Multicast Forwarding	IGMP Snooping support
Mirroring	Port based mirroring
VLAN	Fully compatible with IEEE802.1Q Port based VLAN VLAN filtering
Quality of Service (QoS)	Ingress traffic limiting (by ACL) Egress traffic limiting
Access Control List	Ingress ACL tables Up to 32 ACL rules (limited by SwOS) Classification based on ports, L2, L3, L4 protocol header fields ACL actions include filtering, forwarding and modifying of the protocol header fields

Connecting to the Switch

Open your web browser and enter IP address of your Switch (192.168.88.1 by default) and login screen will appear.

SwOS default IP address: 192.168.88.1, user name: admin and there is no password.

Note: MikroTik neighbor discovery protocol tools can be used to discover IP address of Mikrotik Switch. Manual:IP/Neighbor_discovery. Currently LLDP is not supported.

Interface Overview

SwOS interface menu consists of several tabs: Link, SFP, Forwarding, RST, Statistics, Errors, VLAN, VLANs, Hosts, IGMP Groups, SNMP, ACL, System and Upgrade.

Description of buttons in SwOS configuration tool:

Append - add new item to the end of the list
Apply All - applies current configuration changes
Cut - removes item from the list
Clear - resets properties of the item
Discard Changes - removes unsaved configuration
Insert - add new item to the list (places it before current item)
Sort - sort VLAN table by VLAN-IDs; sort host table by MAC addresses

Change Password - changes password of the switch
Logout - logout from current Switch
Reboot - reboot the switch
Reset Configuration - reset configuration back to factory defaults
Choose File - browse for upgrade or backup file
Upgrade - upgrade firmware of the Switch
Restore Backup - restore Switch using selected backup file
Save Backup - generate and download backup file from the Switch

System

System Tab performs the following functions:

General information about Switch
Switch management
Configuration reset
Backup and restore configuration

Note: SwOS uses a simple algorithm to ensure TCP/IP communication - it just replies to the same IP and MAC address packet came from. This way there is no need for Default Gateway on the device itself.

Property	Description
Address Acquisition	Specify which address acquisition method to use: `DHCP with fallback` - for first 10 seconds switch uses DHCP client. If request is unsuccessful, then address is set as a Static IP Address value `static` - address is set as a Static IP Address value `DHCP only` - switch uses DHCP client to acquire address
Static IP Address	IP address of the switch in case of Address Acquisition is set as `DHCP with fallback` or `static`
Identity	Name of the Switch (for Mikrotik neighbor discovery protocol)
Allow From	IP address from which the service is accessible. Default value is '0.0.0.0/0' - any address
Allow From Ports	List of switch ports from which the service is accessible
Allow From VLAN	VLAN ID with which the service is accessible (VLAN Mode on ingress port must be other than `disabled` in order to connect)
Watchdog	Enable or disable system watchdog. It will reset CPU of the switch in case of fault condition
Independent VLAN Lookup	Enable or disable independent VLAN lookup in the Host table for packet forwarding
IGMP Snooping	Enable or disable IGMP Snooping
Mikrotik Discovery Protocol	Enable or disable Mikrotik neighbor discovery protocol
Port1 PoE In Long Cable	If enabled, it will turn off short detection on all PoE out ports to allow use of longer ethernet cables. This is potentially dangerous setting and should be used with caution. (CSS106-1G-4P-1S model)
MAC Address	MAC address of the Switch (Read-only)
Serial Number	Serial number of the switch (Read-only)
Board Name	MikroTik model name of the switch (CSS106 model, Read-only)

Health (CSS106-1G-4P-1S)

Property	Description
Voltage	Shows the input voltage measured in volts
Temperature	Shows PCB temperature in celsius temperature scale

Password and Backup

Link

Link Tab allows you to:

Configure Ethernet and SFP ports
Monitor status of Ethernet and SFP ports

Property	Description
Enabled	Enable or disable port
Name	Editable port name
Link Status	Current link status (Read-only)
Auto Negotiation	Enable or disable auto negotiation (some SFP modules may required it disabled in order to work)
Speed	Specify speed setting of the port (requires auto negotiation to be disabled)
Full Duplex	Specify duplex mode of the port (requires auto negotiation to be disabled)
Flow control	Enable or disable 802.3x Flow control

Note: Using SFP+ 1m/3m DAC cable or S-RJ01 module, the device always shows that link is established even if nothing is connected on other end.

PoE (CSS106-1G-4P-1S)

PoE settings configure Power over Ethernet output on CSS106-1G-4P-1S port2-port5 and show PoE status and measurements.

Property	Description
PoE Out	Sets PoE out mode of the port: `off` - all detection and PoE out is turned off `auto` - detection is done regarding resistance on the spare pairs to check if port has PoE capability. For port to be turned on measured value should be within range from 3kΩ to 26.5kΩ `on` - PoE out is enabled regardless of the resistance on the port. Use this with caution as that can damage connected equipment! `calibr` - manual port PoE out recalibration. It may be necessary if there are ocasional problems with powering connected devices.
PoE Priority	Port priority for PoE out supply. If installation is going over power budged, port with the lowest priority is going to be turned off first. `1` - the highest priority port; `4` - the lowest priority port
PoE Status	Current PoE out status of the port: `disabled` - PoE out is turned off `waiting for load` - "auto" mode detects out of range resistance to turn on PoE out `powered on` - PoE out is turned on `short circuit` - if it is detected, to ensure that there is no additional damage on powered device and no damage on powering device PoE out is turned off `voltage too low` - not enough voltage supplied to turn on device with PoE out `current too low` - not enough current supplied to turn on device with PoE out `waiting for cable disconnect` - manual recalibration with "calibr" has detected connected device and waits for disconnection to complete the recalibration process
PoE Current	Shows current usage on the port measured in miliamperes
PoE Power	Shows PoE out power on the port measured in watts

SFP

SFP tab allows you to monitor status of SFP modules.

Forwarding

Forwarding Tab provides advanced forwarding options among switch ports, port isolation, port locking, port mirroring and egress bandwidth limit features.

Ingress rate per port as well as rate for broadcast traffic can be configured with Access Control List by setting Rate. ACL must have one port per entry to provide bandwidth limiting properly.

Property	Description
Forwarding	Forwarding table - allows or restricts traffic flow between specific ports
Port Lock	`Port Lock` - Enables or disables MAC address learning on this port. When option is enabled, it will restrict MAC address learning and static MAC addresses should be configured `Lock On First` - enable or disable MAC address learning on this port (MAC address from the first recieved packet will still be learnt)
Port Mirroring	`Mirror Ingress` - whether traffic entering this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port `Mirror Egress` - whether traffic leaving this port must be copied and forwarded to mirroring target port `Mirror To` - mirroring target port
Bandwidth Limit	`Egress Rate` - limit traffic leaving this port (bps)

RSTP

Per port and global RSTP configuration and monitoring is available in the RSTP menu.

Property	Description
RSTP	Enable or disable STP/RSTP functionality on this port
Mode	Shows STP/RSTP functionality mode on specific port (Read-only): `RSTP` `STP`
Role	Shows specific port role (Read-only): `root` - port that is facing towards the root bridge and will be used to forward traffic from/to the root bridge `alternate` - port that is facing towards root bridge, but is not going to forward traffic (a backup for root port) `backup` - port that is facing away from the root bridge, but is not going to forward traffic (a backup for non-root port) `designated` - port that is facing away from the root bridge and is going to forward traffic `disabled` - port that is not strictly part of STP (RSTP functionality is disabled)
Root Path Cost	Shows root path cost for ports that are facing root bridge (Read-only)
Type	`edge` - ports that are not supposed to receive any BPDUs, should be connected to end station (Read-only) `point-to-point` - ports that operates in full-duplex links, can be part of STP and operate in forwarding state (Read-only)
State	Shows each port state (Read-only): `forwarding` - port participates in traffic forwarding and is learning MAC addresses, is receiving BPDUs `discarding` - port does not participate in traffic forwarding and is not learning MAC addresses, is receiving BPDU `learning` - port does not participate in traffic forwarding, but is learning MAC addresses

Property	Description
Bridge Priority (hex)	RSTP bridge priority for Root Bridge selection
Port Cost Mode	There are two methods for automatically detecting RSTP port cost depending on link speed. `short`: 10G - 2; 1G - 4; 100M - 10; 10M - 100 `long`: 10G - 2000; 1G - 20000; 100M - 200000; 10M - 2000000
Root Bridge	The priority and MAC address of the selected Root Bridge in the network (Read-only)

Statistics, Errors

Provides detailed information about received and transmitted packets.

VLAN

VLAN configuration for Switch ports.

Property	Description
VLAN Mode	VLAN mode for ingress port: `disabled` - VLAN table is not used. Switch ignores VLAN tag part of tagged packets `optional` - Handle packets with VLAN tag ID that is not present in VLAN table just like packets without VLAN tag `enabled` - Drop packets with VLAN tag ID that is not present in VLAN table. Packets without VLAN tag are treat as tagged packets with `Default VLAN ID` `strict` - Same as `enable`, but also checks VLAN support for inbound interface (drop packets with VLAN tag ID and ingress port that are not present in VLAN table)
VLAN Receive	Defines the type of allowed packets on ingress port: `any` - allows tagged and untagged packets on a certain port `only tagged` - allows only packets with a VLAN tag `only untagged` - allows only packets without a VLAN tag
Default VLAN ID	Switch will treat both untagged and "Default VLAN ID" tagged ingress packets as they are tagged with this VLAN ID. It is also used to untag egress traffic if packet's VLAN ID matches "Default VLAN ID". The VLAN tag itself will only be added if there is `VLAN Header = add if missing` specified on egress port
Force VLAN ID	Whether to apply `Default VLAN ID` to incoming packets with VLAN tag
VLAN Header	`leave as is` - if VLAN header is present it remains unchanged `always strip` - if VLAN header is present it is removed from the packet `add if missing` - if VLAN header is not present it is added to the packet (VLAN ID will be `Default VLAN ID` of ingress port)

Note: VLAN modes enabled and strict require VLAN ID 1 in VLANs table to allow access of untagged traffic to switch itself.

VLAN Configuration Examples

Simple trunk and access port configuration, as well as trunk and hybrid port configuration examples can be found in this article - SwOS/CSS106-VLAN-Example.

VLANs

VLAN tables specifies certain forwarding rules for packets that have specific IEEE 802.1Q tag. Basically the table contains entries that map specific VLAN tag IDs to a group of one or more ports. Packets with VLAN tags leave switch through one or more ports that are set in corresponding table entry. VLAN table works together with destination MAC lookup to determine egress ports. VLAN table supports up to 250 entries.

Property	Description
VLAN ID	VLAN ID of the packet
IVL	Enables or disables independent VLAN learning (IVL)
IGMP Snooping	Enables or disables IGMP Snooping on the defined VLAN. When enabled, the switch will listen to IGMP Join and Leave requests from the defined VLAN and only forward traffic to ports, which have sent IGMP membership requests from the defined VLAN. When disabled, the switch will flood all VLAN member ports with Multicast traffic.
Ports	Each port has individual VLAN header options for each VLAN ID. Depending on VLAN mode if lookup is done in this table, egress action of packets is processed by this option. Egress option from VLAN tab is ignored.

Hosts

This table represents dynamically learnt MAC address to port mapping entries. It can contain two kinds of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic entries get added automatically, this is also called a learning process: when switch receives a packet from certain port, it adds the packet's source MAC address X and port it received the packet from to host table, so when a packet comes in with destination MAC address X it knows to which port it should forward the packet. If the destination MAC address is not present in host table then it forwards the packet to all ports in the group. Dynamic entries take about 5 minutes to time out.

Note: CSS106 series switches support 2048 host table entries.

Property	Description
Port	Ports the packet should be forwarded to (Read-only)
MAC	Learned MAC address (Read-only)
VLAN ID	Learned VLAN ID (Read-only)

Static Hosts

Static entries will take over dynamic if dynamic entry with same mac-address already exists. Also by adding a static entry you get access to some more functionality.

Property	Description
Ports	Ports the packet should be forwarded to
MAC	MAC address
VLAN ID	VLAN ID (only supported on RB260GS/RB260GSP)
Drop	Packet with certain MAC address coming from certain ports can be dropped
Mirror	Packet can be cloned and sent to mirror-target port

IGMP Groups

IGMP Snooping which controls multicast streams and prevents multicast flooding is implemented in SwOS starting from version 2.5. The feature allows a switch to listen in the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers.

First, enable option under System tab.

Available IGMP snooping data can be found under IGMP Group tab:

Possibility to enable IGMP Snooping for specific VLAN ID.

SNMP

SwOS supports SNMP v1 and uses IF-MIB, SNMPv2-MIB, BRIDGE-MIB and MIKROTIK-MIB (only for health, PoE-out and SFP diagnostics) for SNMP reporting.

Available SNMP data:

System information
System uptime
Port status
Interface statistics
Host table information

Property	Description
Enabled	Enable or disable SNMP service
Community	SNMP community name
Contact Info	Contact information for the NMS
Location	Location information for the NMS

ACL

An access control list (ACL) rule table is very powerful tool allowing wire speed packet filtering, forwarding and VLAN tagging based on L2,L3 protocol header field conditions. SwOS allow you to implement limited number of access control list rules (32 simple rules (only L2 conditions are used); 16 rules where both L2 and L3 conditions are used; or 8 advanced rules where all L2,L3 and L4 conditions are used). Each rule contains a conditions part and an action part.

Conditions part parameters

Property	Description
From	Port that packet came in from
MAC Src	Source MAC address and mask
MAC Dst	Destination MAC address and mask
Ethertype	Protocol encapsulated in the payload of an Ethernet Frame
VLAN	VLAN header presence: any present not present
VLAN ID	VLAN tag ID
Priority	Priority in VLAN tag
IP Src (IP/netmask:port)	Source IPv4 address, netmask and L4 port number
IP Dst (IP/netmask:port)	Destination IPv4 address, netmask and L4 port number
Protocol	IP protocol
DSCP	IP DSCP field

Action part parameters

Property	Description
Redirect To	Whether to force new destination ports (If `Redirect To` is enabled and no ports specified in `Redirect To Ports`, packet will be dropped )
Redirect To Ports	Destination ports for
Mirror	Clones packet and sends it to mirror-target port
Rate	Limits bandwidth (bps)
Set VLAN ID	Changes the VLAN tag ID, if VLAN tag is present
Priority	Changes the VLAN tag priority bits, if VLAN tag is present

Reset

The CSS106-5G-1S and CSS106-1G-4P-1S has built-in backup SwOS firmware which can be loaded in case standard firmware breaks or upgrade fails:

Holding Reset button for few seconds while device is booting resets configuration and loads backup firmware SwOS 2.0p.
After loading backup firmware SwOS 2.0p it is possible to connect to 192.168.88.1 using web browser and install new SwOS firmware.