Manual:VLANs on Wireless: Difference between revisions
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=Summary= | |||
VLANs provide the possibility to isolate devices into different Layer2 segments while still using the same Layer1 medium. This is very useful in setups where you want to separate different types of devices of users. This feature is also very useful for Wireless setups since you can isolate different Virtual APs and restricting access to certain services or networks by using Firewall. Below is an example with a setup with two Access Points on the same device that isolates them into saparate VLANs. This kind of scenario is very common when you have a '''Guest AP''' and '''Work AP'''. | |||
=Example= | |||
[[File:vlan-wlan1.jpg|740px|center|alt=Alt text|Vlan forwarding over wireless interface]] | |||
[https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Interface/Bridge#Bridge_VLAN_Filtering Bridge VLAN Filtering] since RouterOS v6.41 provides VLAN aware Layer2 forwarding and VLAN tag modifications within the bridge. | |||
'''R1:''' | '''R1:''' | ||
* Add necessary VLAN interfaces on ethernet interface to make it | * Add necessary VLAN interfaces on ethernet interface to make it a VLAN trunk port. Add ip addresses on VLAN interfaces. | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
[admin@R1] > | [admin@R1] > | ||
/interface vlan | /interface vlan | ||
add interface=ether1 name= | add interface=ether1 name=vlan111 vlan-id=111 | ||
add interface=ether1 name= | add interface=ether1 name=vlan222 vlan-id=222 | ||
/ip address | /ip address | ||
add address=192.168.1.1/24 interface= | add address=192.168.1.1/24 interface=vlan111 | ||
add address= | add address=192.168.2.1/24 interface=vlan222 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
'''R2:''' | '''R2:''' | ||
* Add VirtualAP under wlan1 interface | * Add VirtualAP under wlan1 interface and create wireless security-profiles for wlan1 and wlan2 | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
[admin@R2] > | [admin@R2] > | ||
/interface wireless | /interface wireless | ||
set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no mode=ap-bridge security-profile= | set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no mode=ap-bridge security-profile=vlan111 ssid=vlan111 vlan-id=111 vlan-mode=use-tag | ||
add disabled=no master-interface=wlan1 name=wlan2 security-profile= | add disabled=no master-interface=wlan1 name=wlan2 security-profile=vlan222 ssid=vlan222 vlan-id=222 vlan-mode=use-tag | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
{{Note | It is important to set wlan1,wlan2 vlan-mode to "use-tag".}} | |||
* Create bridge with ''vlan-filtering=yes'' | |||
* Add necessary bridge ports | |||
* Add ''tagged'' interfaces under ''interface bridge vlan'' section with correct ''vlan-ids'' | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
[admin@R2] > | [admin@R2] > | ||
/interface bridge | /interface bridge | ||
add name= | add fast-forward=no name=bridge1 vlan-filtering=yes | ||
/interface bridge port | /interface bridge port | ||
add bridge= | add bridge=bridge1 interface=ether2 | ||
add bridge= | add bridge=bridge1 interface=wlan1 | ||
add bridge= | add bridge=bridge1 interface=wlan2 | ||
/interface bridge vlan | |||
add bridge=bridge1 tagged=ether2,wlan1 vlan-ids=111 | |||
add bridge=bridge1 tagged=ether2,wlan2 vlan-ids=222 | |||
add | |||
add | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
{{ Warning | Some devices have a built-in switch chip that can switch packets between Ethernet ports with wire-speed performance. Bridge VLAN filtering disables hardware offloading (except on CRS3xx series switches), which will prevent packets from being switched, this does not affect Wireless interfaces as traffic through them cannot be offloaded to the switch chip either way. }} | |||
{{ Note | VLAN filtering is not required in this setup, but is highly recommended due to security reasons. Without VLAN filtering it is possible to forward unknown VLAN IDs in certain scenarios. Disabling VLAN filtering does have performance benefits. }} | |||
{{Note | | |||
'''R3:''' | '''R3:''' | ||
* Add | * Add IP address on wlan1 interface. | ||
* Create wireless security-profile compatible with R2 wlan1. | * Create wireless security-profile compatible with R2 wlan1. | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
[admin@R3] > | [admin@R3] > | ||
/ip address | /ip address | ||
add address=192.168.1.3/24 interface=wlan1 | add address=192.168.1.3/24 interface=wlan1 | ||
/interface wireless | /interface wireless | ||
set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no security-profile= | set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no security-profile=vlan111 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
| Line 144: | Line 76: | ||
[admin@R4] > | [admin@R4] > | ||
/ip address | /ip address | ||
add address= | add address=192.168.2.4/24 interface=wlan1 | ||
/interface wireless | /interface wireless | ||
set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no security-profile= | set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no security-profile=vlan222 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
[[Category:Bridging and switching]] | |||
[[Category:Wireless]] | |||
[[Category:Examples]] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:33, 28 January 2021
Summary
VLANs provide the possibility to isolate devices into different Layer2 segments while still using the same Layer1 medium. This is very useful in setups where you want to separate different types of devices of users. This feature is also very useful for Wireless setups since you can isolate different Virtual APs and restricting access to certain services or networks by using Firewall. Below is an example with a setup with two Access Points on the same device that isolates them into saparate VLANs. This kind of scenario is very common when you have a Guest AP and Work AP.
Example
Bridge VLAN Filtering since RouterOS v6.41 provides VLAN aware Layer2 forwarding and VLAN tag modifications within the bridge.
R1:
- Add necessary VLAN interfaces on ethernet interface to make it a VLAN trunk port. Add ip addresses on VLAN interfaces.
[admin@R1] > /interface vlan add interface=ether1 name=vlan111 vlan-id=111 add interface=ether1 name=vlan222 vlan-id=222 /ip address add address=192.168.1.1/24 interface=vlan111 add address=192.168.2.1/24 interface=vlan222
R2:
- Add VirtualAP under wlan1 interface and create wireless security-profiles for wlan1 and wlan2
[admin@R2] > /interface wireless set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no mode=ap-bridge security-profile=vlan111 ssid=vlan111 vlan-id=111 vlan-mode=use-tag add disabled=no master-interface=wlan1 name=wlan2 security-profile=vlan222 ssid=vlan222 vlan-id=222 vlan-mode=use-tag
Note: It is important to set wlan1,wlan2 vlan-mode to "use-tag".
- Create bridge with vlan-filtering=yes
- Add necessary bridge ports
- Add tagged interfaces under interface bridge vlan section with correct vlan-ids
[admin@R2] > /interface bridge add fast-forward=no name=bridge1 vlan-filtering=yes /interface bridge port add bridge=bridge1 interface=ether2 add bridge=bridge1 interface=wlan1 add bridge=bridge1 interface=wlan2 /interface bridge vlan add bridge=bridge1 tagged=ether2,wlan1 vlan-ids=111 add bridge=bridge1 tagged=ether2,wlan2 vlan-ids=222
Warning: Some devices have a built-in switch chip that can switch packets between Ethernet ports with wire-speed performance. Bridge VLAN filtering disables hardware offloading (except on CRS3xx series switches), which will prevent packets from being switched, this does not affect Wireless interfaces as traffic through them cannot be offloaded to the switch chip either way.
Note: VLAN filtering is not required in this setup, but is highly recommended due to security reasons. Without VLAN filtering it is possible to forward unknown VLAN IDs in certain scenarios. Disabling VLAN filtering does have performance benefits.
R3:
- Add IP address on wlan1 interface.
- Create wireless security-profile compatible with R2 wlan1.
[admin@R3] > /ip address add address=192.168.1.3/24 interface=wlan1 /interface wireless set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no security-profile=vlan111
R4:
- Add ip address on wlan1 interface.
- Create wireless security-profile compatible with R2 wlan2.
[admin@R4] > /ip address add address=192.168.2.4/24 interface=wlan1 /interface wireless set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] disabled=no security-profile=vlan222