The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is needed for easy distribution of IP addresses in a network. The MikroTik RouterOS implementation includes both server and client parts and is compliant with RFC 2131.
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The router supports an individual server for each Ethernet-like interface. The MikroTik RouterOS DHCP server supports the basic functions of giving each requesting client an IP address/netmask lease, default gateway, domain name, DNS-server(s) and WINS-server(s) (for Windows clients) information (set up in the DHCP networks submenu)
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In order DHCP server to work, you must set up also IP pools (do not include the DHCP server's own IP address into the pool range) and DHCP networks.
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It is also possible to hand out leases for DHCP clients using the RADIUS server, here are listed the parameters for used in RADIUS server.
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Access-Request:
<ul class="bullets">
<li>NAS-Identifier - router identity
<li>NAS-IP-Address - IP address of the router itself
<li>Framed-IP-Address - IP address of the client (active-address)
<li>Called-Station-Id - name of DHCP server
<li>User-Name - MAC address of the client (active-mac-address)
<li>Password - ""
</ul>
Access-Accept:
<ul class="bullets">
<li>Framed-IP-Address - IP address that will be assigned to client
<li>Framed-Pool - ip pool from which to assign ip address to client
<li>Rate-Limit - Datarate limitation for DHCP clients. Format is: rx-rate[/tx-rate] [rx-burst-rate[/tx-burst-rate] [rx-burst-threshold[/tx-burst-threshold] [rx-burst-time[/tx-burst-time][priority] [rx-rate-min[/tx-rate-min]]]]. All rates should be numbers with optional 'k' (1,000s) or 'M' (1,000,000s). If tx-rate is not specified, rx-rate is as tx-rate too. Same goes for tx-burst-rate and tx-burst-threshold and tx-burst-time. If both rx-burst-threshold and tx-burst-threshold are not specified (but burst-rate is specified), rx-rate and tx-rate are used as burst thresholds. If both rx-burst-time and tx-burst-time are not specified, 1s is used as default. Priority takes values 1..8, where 1 implies the highest priority, but 8 - the lowest. If rx-rate-min and tx-rate-min are not specified rx-rate and tx-rate values are used. The rx-rate-min and tx-rate-min values can not exceed rx-rate and tx-rate values.
<li>Ascend-Data-Rate - tx/rx data rate limitation if multiple attributes are provided, first limits tx data rate, second - rx data rate. If used together with Ascend-Xmit-Rate, specifies rx rate. 0 if unlimited
<li>Ascend-Xmit-Rate - tx data rate limitation. It may be used to specify tx limit only instead of sending two sequential Ascend-Data-Rate attributes (in that case Ascend-Data-Rate will specify the receive rate). 0 if unlimited
The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is needed for easy distribution of IP addresses in a network. The MikroTik RouterOS implementation includes both server and client parts and is compliant with RFC 2131.
The router supports an individual server for each Ethernet-like interface. The MikroTik RouterOS DHCP server supports the basic functions of giving each requesting client an IP address/netmask lease, default gateway, domain name, DNS-server(s) and WINS-server(s) (for Windows clients) information (set up in the DHCP networks submenu)
In order DHCP server to work, you must set up also IP pools (do not include the DHCP server's own IP address into the pool range) and DHCP networks.
It is also possible to hand out leases for DHCP clients using the RADIUS server, here are listed the parameters for used in RADIUS server.
Framed-IP-Address - IP address of the client (active-address)
Called-Station-Id - name of DHCP server
User-Name - MAC address of the client (active-mac-address)
Password - ""
Access-Accept:
Framed-IP-Address - IP address that will be assigned to client
Framed-Pool - ip pool from which to assign ip address to client
Rate-Limit - Datarate limitation for DHCP clients. Format is: rx-rate[/tx-rate] [rx-burst-rate[/tx-burst-rate] [rx-burst-threshold[/tx-burst-threshold] [rx-burst-time[/tx-burst-time][priority] [rx-rate-min[/tx-rate-min]]]]. All rates should be numbers with optional 'k' (1,000s) or 'M' (1,000,000s). If tx-rate is not specified, rx-rate is as tx-rate too. Same goes for tx-burst-rate and tx-burst-threshold and tx-burst-time. If both rx-burst-threshold and tx-burst-threshold are not specified (but burst-rate is specified), rx-rate and tx-rate are used as burst thresholds. If both rx-burst-time and tx-burst-time are not specified, 1s is used as default. Priority takes values 1..8, where 1 implies the highest priority, but 8 - the lowest. If rx-rate-min and tx-rate-min are not specified rx-rate and tx-rate values are used. The rx-rate-min and tx-rate-min values can not exceed rx-rate and tx-rate values.
Ascend-Data-Rate - tx/rx data rate limitation if multiple attributes are provided, first limits tx data rate, second - rx data rate. If used together with Ascend-Xmit-Rate, specifies rx rate. 0 if unlimited
Ascend-Xmit-Rate - tx data rate limitation. It may be used to specify tx limit only instead of sending two sequential Ascend-Data-Rate attributes (in that case Ascend-Data-Rate will specify the receive rate). 0 if unlimited
Session-Timeout - max lease time (lease-time)
General
Sub-menu:/ip dhcp-server
Property
Description
add-arp (yes | no; Default: no)
Whether to add dynamic ARP entry. If set to no either ARP mode should be enabled on that interface or static ARP entries should be administratively defined in /ip arp submenu
IP pool, from which to take IP addresses for clients. If set to static-only, then only the clients that have a static lease (i.e. no dynamic addresses will be given to clients, only the ones added in lease submenu) will be allowed
always-broadcast (yes | no; Default: no)
Always send replies as broadcasts
authoritative (after-10sec-delay | after-2sec-delay | no | yes; Default: after-2sec-delay)
Whether the DHCP server is the only one DHCP server for the network:
after-10sec-delay - to clients request for an address, dhcp server will wait 10 seconds and if there is another request from the client after this period of time, then dhcp server will offer the address to the client or will send DHCPNAK, if the requested address is not available from this server
after-2sec-delay - to clients request for an address, dhcp server will wait 2 seconds and if there is another request from the client after this period of time, then dhcp server will offer the address to the client or will send DHCPNAK, if the requested address is not available from this server
yes - to clients request for an address that is not available from this server, dhcp server will send negative acknowledgment (DHCPNAK)
no - dhcp server ignores clients requests for addresses that are not available from this server
static - offer only static leases to BOOTP clients
dynamic - offer static and dynamic leases for BOOTP clients
delay-threshold (time; Default: none)
If secs field in DHCP packet is smaller than delay-threshold, then this packet is ignored. If set to none - there is no threshold (all DHCP packets are processed)
interface (string; Default: )
Interface on which server will be running
lease-time (time; Default: 72h)
the time that a client may use the assigned address. The client will try to renew this address after a half of this time and will request a new address after time limit expires
name (string; Default: )
Reference name
relay (IP; Default: 0.0.0.0)
the IP address of the relay this DHCP server should process requests from:
0.0.0.0 - the DHCP server will be used only for direct requests from clients (no DHCP really allowed)
255.255.255.255 - the DHCP server should be used for any incomming request from a DHCP relay except for those, which are processed by another DHCP server that exists in the /ip dhcp-server submenu
src-address (IP; Default: 0.0.0.0)
The address which the DHCP client must send requests to in order to renew an IP address lease. If there is only one static address on the DHCP server interface and the source-address is left as 0.0.0.0, then the static address will be used. If there are multiple addresses on the interface, an address in the same subnet as the range of given addresses should be used
