Manual:CRS Router: Difference between revisions
| Line 400: | Line 400: | ||
CRS1xx series devices don't have a built-in capability to filter packet at the switch chip's level. For this reason it will not be possible to use the switch chip to offload some packet filter, instead regular firewall filter rules will have to be used. Use these commands on '''SwitchA''': | CRS1xx series devices don't have a built-in capability to filter packet at the switch chip's level. For this reason it will not be possible to use the switch chip to offload some packet filter, instead regular firewall filter rules will have to be used. Use these commands on '''SwitchA''': | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 src-address=192.168.1.0/24 | |||
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.3.0/24 src-address=192.168.1.0/24 | |||
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.1.0/24 src-address=192.168.2.0/24 | |||
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.3.0/24 src-address=192.168.2.0/24 | |||
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.1.0/24 src-address=192.168.3.0/24 | |||
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 src-address=192.168.3.0/24 | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
{{ Note | Make sure you place these firewall filter rules before accepting other packets, in this example you should place these rules before allow traffic that is not DST-NATed.}} | |||
===Invalid/Unknown VLAN filtering=== | ===Invalid/Unknown VLAN filtering=== | ||
Revision as of 16:31, 16 November 2017
Applies to RouterOS: v6.41 +
Summary
MikroTik's CRS series devices are powerful switches that also have routing capabilities. In some cases it is sufficient to use the CRS built-in CPU to handle some functions that are meant to be done by a router, not a switch. The CRS series devices can be used as a router and as a switch at the same time, this is useful for networks that focus on internal network throughput and don't require a large throughput to the Internet.
Warning: CRS series devices are NOT designed to handle large amounts of traffic through the CPU, for this reason be very careful when designing your network since large amounts of traffic that are passing through the CPU will overload it. Functions that depend on the CPU (for example, NAT and DHCP) will not work properly when the CPU is overloaded.
In this setup SwitchA is going to be our Switch-Router that will use port based VLANs while SwitchB is going to extend the amount of ports. Switch's ports are going to be divided into 3 groups, each group will tag the ingress traffic (access ports) with the appropriate VLAN ID, while the SFP+ port will be used as a trunk port to forward traffic between switches. In this setup a large throughput between each port is expected (except for the WAN port). This guide is written for CRS326-24G-2S+, but it can be used for any other CRS series device that is capable of running RouterOS.
Port switching
All switches in this setup require that ports are added to a bridge. Use these commands on SwitchA, SwitchB:
/interface bridge add name=bridge vlan-filtering=no
- In case you are using a CRS3xx series device:
There will be different ports assigned to each switch to a bridge since one switch will have a WAN port. Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface bridge port add bridge=bridge interface=ether2 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether3 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether4 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether5 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether6 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether7 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether8 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether9 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether10 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether11 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether12 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether13 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether14 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether15 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether16 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether17 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether18 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether19 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether20 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether21 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether22 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether23 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether24 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=sfp-sfpplus1
Since the other switch will not have a WAN port, use these commands on SwitchB:
/interface bridge port add bridge=bridge interface=ether1 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether2 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether3 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether4 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether5 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether6 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether7 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether8 pvid=1001 add bridge=bridge interface=ether9 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether10 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether11 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether12 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether13 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether14 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether15 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether16 pvid=1002 add bridge=bridge interface=ether17 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether18 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether19 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether20 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether21 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether22 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether23 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=ether24 pvid=1003 add bridge=bridge interface=sfp-sfpplus1
- In case you are using a CRS1xx/CRS2xx series device:
There will be different ports assigned to each switch to a bridge since one switch will have a WAN port. Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface bridge port add bridge=bridge interface=ether2 add bridge=bridge interface=ether3 add bridge=bridge interface=ether4 add bridge=bridge interface=ether5 add bridge=bridge interface=ether6 add bridge=bridge interface=ether7 add bridge=bridge interface=ether8 add bridge=bridge interface=ether9 add bridge=bridge interface=ether10 add bridge=bridge interface=ether11 add bridge=bridge interface=ether12 add bridge=bridge interface=ether13 add bridge=bridge interface=ether14 add bridge=bridge interface=ether15 add bridge=bridge interface=ether16 add bridge=bridge interface=ether17 add bridge=bridge interface=ether18 add bridge=bridge interface=ether19 add bridge=bridge interface=ether20 add bridge=bridge interface=ether21 add bridge=bridge interface=ether22 add bridge=bridge interface=ether23 add bridge=bridge interface=ether24 add bridge=bridge interface=sfp-sfpplus1
Since the other switch will not have a WAN port, use these commands on SwitchB:
/interface bridge port add bridge=bridge interface=ether1 add bridge=bridge interface=ether2 add bridge=bridge interface=ether3 add bridge=bridge interface=ether4 add bridge=bridge interface=ether5 add bridge=bridge interface=ether6 add bridge=bridge interface=ether7 add bridge=bridge interface=ether8 add bridge=bridge interface=ether9 add bridge=bridge interface=ether10 add bridge=bridge interface=ether11 add bridge=bridge interface=ether12 add bridge=bridge interface=ether13 add bridge=bridge interface=ether14 add bridge=bridge interface=ether15 add bridge=bridge interface=ether16 add bridge=bridge interface=ether17 add bridge=bridge interface=ether18 add bridge=bridge interface=ether19 add bridge=bridge interface=ether20 add bridge=bridge interface=ether21 add bridge=bridge interface=ether22 add bridge=bridge interface=ether23 add bridge=bridge interface=ether24 add bridge=bridge interface=sfp-sfpplus1
Disable the SFP2+ interface for security reasons (in case it is not being used):
/interface ethernet set [find where name="sfp-sfpplus2"] disabled=yes
Note: Create a bridge with VLAN filtering disabled at first. If you have misconfigured the VLAN table, you will not be able to access to switch. Enable VLAN filtering only on CRS3xx series devices and only when you have finished configuring VLANs. Currently VLAN filtering on bridge interfaces is not supported on CRS1xx/CRS2xx series devices, you must use the /interface ethernet switch section istead, otherwise hardware offloading will not be possible.
Management port
There are multiple ways how to add a management port, in this example we will use a VLAN interface that accepts already tagged traffic with VLAN ID 99. We will allow management traffic only from ether3 and ether4 on both switches.
Warning: Since a switch was never designed to be a router, then it will be required to have a firewall that blocks unwanted traffic that is destined to the switch. This must be kept in mind since it will be required to allow special packets such as DHCP to the switch that will have a DHCP Server since these packets will be sent to the CPU and they must not be blocked in the switch chip. If a firewall is not implemented, then management port is unneeded since access to the CPU will be granted either way. You can find an example firewall that will block unwanted traffic to the CPU. Keep in mind that each firewall rule will add extra load to the CPU.
For this guide we are going to use these addresses for each device:
| Address | Device |
|---|---|
| 192.168.99.1 | SwitchA |
| 192.168.99.2 | SwitchB |
Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface vlan add interface=bridge name=MGMT vlan-id=99 /ip address add address=192.168.99.1/24 interface=MGMT
And use these commands on SwitchB:
/interface vlan add interface=bridge name=MGMT vlan-id=99 /ip address add address=192.168.99.2/24 interface=MGMT /ip route add gateway=192.168.99.1
- In case you are using CRS3xx series device:
Use these commands on SwitchA and SwitchB:
/interface bridge vlan add bridge=bridge tagged=bridge,ether3,ether4,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-ids=99
- In case you are using CRS1xx/CRS2xx series device:
/interface ethernet switch vlan add ports=switch1-cpu,ether3,ether4,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=99
Note: SWitchB is a pure switch, it does not require a firewall to block unwanted traffic, this can be done in the switch chip instead and it is the preferred way on a switch.
DHCP Server
To get the DHCP Server working for each VLAN ID, you must first create a VLAN interface that will have access the CPU for each VLAN ID, use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface vlan add interface=bridge name=VLAN1001 vlan-id=1001 add interface=bridge name=VLAN1002 vlan-id=1002 add interface=bridge name=VLAN1003 vlan-id=1003
Assign a address pool for each VLAN ID, use these commands on SwitchA:
/ip pool add name=VLAN1001_pool ranges=192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200 add name=VLAN1002_pool ranges=192.168.2.100-192.168.2.200 add name=VLAN1003_pool ranges=192.168.3.100-192.168.3.200
Assign an IP address for each VLAN ID, use these commands on SwitchA:
/ip address add address=192.168.1.1/24 interface=VLAN1001 add address=192.168.2.1/24 interface=VLAN1002 add address=192.168.3.1/24 interface=VLAN1003
Create a DHCP Server for each VLAN interface, use these commands on SwitchA:
/ip dhcp-server add address-pool=VLAN1001_pool disabled=no interface=VLAN1001 name=VLAN1001_DHCP add address-pool=VLAN1002_pool disabled=no interface=VLAN1002 name=VLAN1002_DHCP add address-pool=VLAN1003_pool disabled=no interface=VLAN1003 name=VLAN1003_DHCP /ip dhcp-server network add address=192.168.1.0/24 dns-server=8.8.8.8 gateway=192.168.1.1 add address=192.168.2.0/24 dns-server=8.8.8.8 gateway=192.168.2.1 add address=192.168.3.0/24 dns-server=8.8.8.8 gateway=192.168.3.1
Port based VLANs
- In case you are using a CRS3xx series device:
Ingress traffic is going to be tagged to the VLAN ID specified when each port was added to the bridge. It is required to add each VLAN ID to appropriate ports to the VLAN table that servers as a access list and a egress VLAN table. Tagged ports are our trunk ports and untagged ports are our access ports.
Note: Since one of our switch is going to be a router that requires access to the CPU from all ports that will want to access the Internet, we must add the bridge port itself as tagged port. This must be done only on the switch that will work as a router, otherwise devices will not be able to receive DHCP leases and access the Internet.
Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface bridge vlan add bridge=bridge tagged="sfp-sfpplus1,bridge untagged=ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,ether6,ether7,\ ether8" vlan-ids=1001 add bridge=bridge tagged="sfp-sfpplus1,bridge untagged=ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,\ ether14,ether15,ether16" vlan-ids=1002 add bridge=bridge tagged="sfp-sfpplus1,bridge untagged=ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,\ ether22,ether23,ether24" vlan-ids=1003
Similarly add entries to the VLAN table for the other switch, note that bridge port is not listed as tagged port since we don't need anything accessing the CPU to that switch. Use these commands on SwitchB:
/interface bridge vlan add bridge=bridge tagged="sfp-sfpplus1 untagged=ether1,ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,ether6,ether7,\ ether8" vlan-ids=1001 add bridge=bridge tagged="sfp-sfpplus1 untagged=ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,ether14,\ ether15,ether16" vlan-ids=1002 add bridge=bridge tagged="sfp-sfpplus1 untagged=ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,ether22,\ ether23,ether24" vlan-ids=1003
- In case you are using a CRS1xx/CRS2xx series device:
Ingress traffic is going to be tagged using the ingress-vlan-translation section where all untagged traffic is going to be assigned with a specific VLAN ID. Use these commands on SwitchA and SwitchB:
/interface ethernet switch ingress-vlan-translation add customer-vid=0 new-customer-vid=1001 ports="ether1,ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,\ ether6,ether7,ether8" add customer-vid=0 new-customer-vid=1002 ports="ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,\ ether14,ether15,ether16" add customer-vid=0 new-customer-vid=1003 ports="ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,\ ether22,ether23,ether24"
To specify which ports will be trunk ports, we need to add entries to the egress-vlan-tag section, this section will determine which ports will need to send out only tagged traffic. Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface ethernet switch egress-vlan-tag add tagged-ports=switch1-cpu,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1001 add tagged-ports=switch1-cpu,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1002 add tagged-ports=switch1-cpu,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1003
Note: It is required to add switch1-cpu as tagged port in order to be able to receive tagged traffic on the VLAN interfaces, otherwise devices from the access ports will not receive a lease from the DHCP Server or route the traffic.
Similarly specify trunk ports for the other switch, use these commands on SwitchB:
/interface ethernet switch egress-vlan-tag add tagged-ports=sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1001 add tagged-ports=sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1002 add tagged-ports=sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1003
It is required to specify which ports are allowed to forward each VLAN ID, use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface ethernet switch vlan add ports="switch1-cpu,ether1,ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,ether6,ether7,\ ether8,sfp-sfpplus1" vlan-id=1001 add ports="switch1-cpu,ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,ether14,\ ether15,ether16,sfp-sfpplus1" vlan-id=1002 add ports="switch1-cpu,ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,ether22,\ ether23,ether24,sfp-sfpplus1" vlan-id=1003
Similarly specify VLAN membership for the other switch, use these commands on SwitchB:
/interface ethernet switch vlan add ports=ether1,ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,ether6,ether7,ether8,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1001 add ports=ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,ether14,ether15,ether16,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1002 add ports=ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,ether22,ether23,ether24,sfp-sfpplus1 vlan-id=1003
Firewall
It is always important to have a proper firewall that secures your device. For this setup it is sufficient to use the default firewall that comes with most RouterBOARDs.
Warning: Each firewall rule is processed by the CPU, be careful when designing your firewall.
Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface list add name=WAN add name=LAN /interface list member add interface=bridge list=LAN add interface=ether1 list=WAN /ip firewall filter add action=accept chain=input connection-state=established,related,untracked add action=drop chain=input connection-state=invalid add action=accept chain=input protocol=icmp add action=drop chain=input in-interface-list=!LAN add action=accept chain=forward ipsec-policy=in,ipsec add action=accept chain=forward ipsec-policy=out,ipsec add action=fasttrack-connection chain=forward connection-state=established,related add action=accept chain=forward connection-state=established,related,untracked add action=drop chain=forward connection-state=invalid add action=drop chain=forward connection-nat-state=!dstnat connection-state=new in-interface-list=WAN /ip firewall nat add action=masquerade chain=srcnat ipsec-policy=out,none out-interface-list=WAN
For extra security you can disable discovery protocols on all ports except for the management port, use these commands on SwitchA and SwitchB:
/interface list add name=neighbors /interface list member add interface=MGMT list=neighbors /ip neighbor discovery-settings set discover-interface-list=neighbors
InterVLAN Routing
Since we created a VLAN interface and added IP address to it, that enabled InterVLAN routing. If your setup requires InterVLAN routing, then you can skip this step. If access from different subnets is not desirable, then it is possible to block communications between different subnets. This can be done using firewall rules, but this will use the CPU's resources. Instead it is recommended to do this using ACL since CRS series devices have highly configurable switch chips. Since InterVLAN routing is enabled only on one switch, then ACL rules are only required for the switch that has the VLAN interfaces.
- In case you are using a CRS3xx series device:
Use these commands on SwitchA:
/interface ethernet switch rule add dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 new-dst-ports="" ports="ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,ether6,ether7\ ,ether8,sfp-sfpplus1" src-address=192.168.1.0/24 switch=switch1 add dst-address=192.168.3.0/24 new-dst-ports="" ports="ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,ether6,ether7,\ ether8,sfp-sfpplus1" src-address=192.168.1.0/24 switch=switch1 add dst-address=192.168.1.0/24 new-dst-ports="" ports="ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,\ ether14,ether15,ether16,sfp-sfpplus1" src-address=192.168.2.0/24 switch=switch1 add dst-address=192.168.3.0/24 new-dst-ports="" ports="ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,\ ether14,ether15,ether16,sfp-sfpplus1" src-address=192.168.2.0/24 switch=switch1 add dst-address=192.168.1.0/24 new-dst-ports="" ports="ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,\ ether22,ether23,ether24,sfp-sfpplus1" src-address=192.168.3.0/24 switch=switch1 add dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 new-dst-ports="" ports="ether17,ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,\ ether22,ether23,ether24,sfp-sfpplus1" src-address=192.168.3.0/24 switch=switch1
Note: There are multiple ways to achieve the same result. For this example we used DST and SRC IP matcher to distinguish packets that are coming from the trunk port (sfp-sfpplus1). Ports must be specified since that is a requirement for the switch chip type that the CRS3xx series devices use.
- In case you are using a CRS2xx series device:
/interface ethernet switch acl add action=drop ip-dst=192.168.2.0/24 ip-src=192.168.1.0/24 mac-protocol=ip add action=drop ip-dst=192.168.3.0/24 ip-src=192.168.1.0/24 mac-protocol=ip add action=drop ip-dst=192.168.1.0/24 ip-src=192.168.2.0/24 mac-protocol=ip add action=drop ip-dst=192.168.3.0/24 ip-src=192.168.2.0/24 mac-protocol=ip add action=drop ip-dst=192.168.1.0/24 ip-src=192.168.3.0/24 mac-protocol=ip add action=drop ip-dst=192.168.2.0/24 ip-src=192.168.3.0/24 mac-protocol=ip
- In case you are using a CRS1xx series device:
CRS1xx series devices don't have a built-in capability to filter packet at the switch chip's level. For this reason it will not be possible to use the switch chip to offload some packet filter, instead regular firewall filter rules will have to be used. Use these commands on SwitchA:
add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 src-address=192.168.1.0/24 add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.3.0/24 src-address=192.168.1.0/24 add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.1.0/24 src-address=192.168.2.0/24 add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.3.0/24 src-address=192.168.2.0/24 add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.1.0/24 src-address=192.168.3.0/24 add action=drop chain=forward dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 src-address=192.168.3.0/24
Note: Make sure you place these firewall filter rules before accepting other packets, in this example you should place these rules before allow traffic that is not DST-NATed.
Invalid/Unknown VLAN filtering
When all VLANs are configured, you should enable VLAN filtering.
- In case you are using a CRS3xx series device:
Use this command on SwitchA and SwitchB:
/interface bridge set bridge vlan-filtering=yes
- In case you are using a CRS1xx/CRS2xx series device:
Use this these commands on SwitchA:
/interface ethernet switch set drop-if-invalid-or-src-port-not-member-of-vlan-on-ports="ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,\ ether6,ether7,ether8,ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,ether14,ether15,ether16,ether17,\ ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,ether22,ether23,ether24,sfp-sfpplus1"
Use this these commands on SwitchB:
/interface ethernet switch set drop-if-invalid-or-src-port-not-member-of-vlan-on-ports="ether1,ether2,ether3,ether4,ether5,\ ether6,ether7,ether8,ether9,ether10,ether11,ether12,ether13,ether14,ether15,ether16,ether17,\ ether18,ether19,ether20,ether21,ether22,ether23,ether24,sfp-sfpplus1"