Manual:IP/Firewall/Mangle: Difference between revisions

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<p><b>Sub-menu:</b> <code>/ip firewall mangle</code></p>
<p><b>Sub-menu:</b> <code>/ip firewall mangle</code></p>
<br />
<br />
Mangle is a kind of 'marker' that marks packets for future processing with special marks. Many other facilities in RouterOS make use of these marks, e.g. queue trees, NAT, routing. They identify a packet based on its mark and process it accordingly. The mangle marks exist only within the router, they are not transmitted across the network.
<br />
Additionaly, the mangle facility is used to modify some fields in the IP header, like TOS (DSCP) and TTL fields.
<h2>Properties</h2>
<table class="styled_table">
<tr>
  <th width="40%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>action</b></var> (<em>action name</em>; Default: <b>accept</b>)</td>
    <td>Action to take if packet is matched by the rule: <ul>
: <li> <var>accept</var> - accept the packet. Packet is not passed to next firewall rule.
: <li> <var>add-dst-to-address-list</var> - add destination address to [[Address list]] specified by <code>address-list</code> parameter
: <li> <var>add-src-to-address-list</var> - add source address to [[Address list]] specified by <code>address-list</code> parameter
: <li> <var>change-dscp</var> - change Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) field value specified by the new-dscp parameter
: <li> <var>change-mss</var> - change Maximum Segment Size field value of the packet to a value specified by the new-mss parameter
: <li> <var>change-ttl</var> - change Time to Live field value of the packet to a value specified by the new-ttl parameter
: <li> <var>jump</var> - jump to the user defined chain specified by the value of <code>jump-target</code> parameter
: <li> <var>log</var> - add a message to the system log containing following data: in-interface, out-interface, src-mac, protocol, src-ip:port->dst-ip:port and length of the packet. After packet is matched it is passed to next rule in the list, similar as <code>passthrough</code>
: <li> <var>mark-connection</var> - place a mark specified by the new-connection-mark parameter on the entire connection that matches the rule
: <li> <var>mark-packet</var> - place a mark specified by the new-packet-mark parameter on a packet that matches the rule
: <li> <var>mark-routing</var> - place a mark specified by the new-routing-mark parameter on a packet. This kind of marks is used for policy routing purposes only
: <li> <var>passthrough</var> - ignore this rule and go to next one (useful for statistics).
: <li> <var>return</var> - pass control back to the chain from where the jump took place
: <li> <var>set-priority</var> - set priority speciefied by the new-priority parameter on the packets sent out through a link that is capable of transporting priority (VLAN or WMM-enabled wireless interface). [[WMM#How_to_set_priority | Read more>]]
: <li> <var>strip-ipv4-options</var> - strip IPv4 option fields from IP header.
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>address-list</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Name of the address list to be used. Applicable if action is <code>add-dst-to-address-list</code> or <code>add-src-to-address-list</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>address-list-timeout</b></var> (<em>time</em>; Default: <b>00:00:00</b>)</td>
    <td>Time interval after which the address will be removed from the address list specified by <code>address-list</code> parameter. Used in conjunction with <code>add-dst-to-address-list</code> or <code>add-src-to-address-list</code> actions<br />
Value of <code>00:00:00</code> will leave the address in the address list forever</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>chain</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Specifies to which chain rule will be added. If the input does not match the name of an already defined chain, a new chain will be created. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>comment</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Descriptive comment for the rule.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>connection-bytes</b></var> (<em>integer-integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets only if a given amount of bytes has been transfered through the particular connection. 0 - means infinity, for example <code>connection-bytes=2000000-0</code> means that the rule matches if more than 2MB has been transfered through the relevant connection </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>connection-limit</b></var> (<em>integer,netmaks</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Restrict connection limit per address or address block/td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>connection-mark</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets marked via mangle facility with particular connection mark</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>connection-rate</b></var> (<em>Integer 0..4294967295</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Connection Rate is a firewall matcher that allow to capture traffic based on present speed of the connection. [[Connection_Rate | more>]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>connection-state</b></var> (<em>estabilished | invalid | new | related</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Interprets the connection tracking analysis data for a particular packet:
<ul>
: <li> <var>established</var> - a packet which belongs to an existing connection
: <li> <var>invalid</var> - a packet which could not be identified for some reason
: <li> <var>new</var> - a packet which begins a new connection
: <li> <var>related</var> - a packet which is related to, but not part of an existing connection, such as ICMP errors or a packet which begins FTP data connection
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>connection-type</b></var> (<em>ftp | h323 | irc | pptp | quake3 | sip | tftp</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets from related connections based on information from their connection tracking helpers. A relevant connection helper must be enabled under [[/ip firewall service-port]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>content</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Match packets that contain specified text</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>dscp</b></var> (<em>integer: 0..63</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches DSCP IP header field.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>dst-address</b></var> (<em>IP/netmask | IP range</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets which destination is equal to specified IP or falls into specified IP range.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>dst-address-list</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches destination address of a packet against user-defined [[Address_list | address list]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>dst-address-type</b></var> (<em>unicast | local | broadcast | multicast</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches destination address type:
<ul>
: <li> <var>unicast</var> - IP address used for point to point transmission
: <li> <var>local</var> - if dst-address is assigned to one of router's interfaces
: <li> <var>broadcast</var> - packet is sent to all devices in subnet
: <li> <var>multicast</var> - packet is forwarded to defined group of devices
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>dst-limit</b></var> (<em>integer,time,integer,dst-address | dst-port | src-address, time</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets if given pps limit is exceeded. As opposed to the <var>limit</var> matcher, every destination IP address / destination port has it's own limit. Parameters are written in following format: <code>count,time,burst,mode,expire</code>.
<ul>
:<li><b>count</b> - maximum average packet rate measured in packets per <code>time</code> interval
:<li><b>time</b> - specifies the time interval in which the packet rate is measured
:<li><b>burst</b> - number of packets which are not counted by packet rate
:<li><b>mode</b> - the classifier for packet rate limiting
:<li><b>expire</b> - specifies interval after which recored ip address /port will be deleted
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>dst-port</b></var> (<em>integer[-integer]: 0..65535</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>List of destination port numbers or port number ranges</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>fragment</b></var> (<em>yes|no</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches fragmented packets. First (starting) fragment does not count. If connection tracking is enabled there will be no fragments as system automatically assembles every packet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>hotspot</b></var> (<em>auth | from-client | http | local-dst | to-client</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>icmp-options</b></var> (<em>integer:integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches ICMP type:code fileds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>in-bridge-port</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Actual interface the packet has entered the router, if incoming interface is bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>in-interface</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Interface the packet has entered the router</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>ingress-priority</b></var> (<em>integer: 0..63</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches ingress priority of the packet. Priority may be derived from VLAN, WMM or MPLS EXP bit. [[WMM | Read more>]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>ipv4-options</b></var> (<em>any | loose-source-routing | no-record-route | no-router-alert | no-source-routing | no-timestamp | none | record-route | router-alert | strict-source-routing | timestamp</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches IPv4 header options.
<ul>
: <li> <var>any</var> - match packet with at least one of the ipv4 options
: <li> <var>loose-source-routing</var> - match packets with loose source routing option. This option is used to route the internet datagram based on information supplied by the source
: <li> <var>no-record-route</var> - match packets with no record route option. This option is used to route the internet datagram based on information supplied by the source
: <li> <var>no-router-alert</var> - match packets with no router alter option
: <li> <var>no-source-routing</var> - match packets with no source routing option
: <li> <var>no-timestamp</var> - match packets with no timestamp option
: <li> <var>record-route</var> - match packets with record route option
: <li> <var>router-alert</var> - match packets with router alter option
: <li> <var>strict-source-routing</var> - match packets with strict source routing option
: <li> <var>timestamp</var> - match packets with timestamp
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>jump-target</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Name of the target chain to jump to. Applicable only if <code>action=jump</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>layer7-protocol</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Layer7 filter name defined in [[layer7 protocol menu]].</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>limit</b></var> (<em>integer,time,integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets if given pps limit is exceeded. Parameters are written in following format: <code>count,time,burst</code>.
<ul>
:<li><b>count</b> - maximum average packet rate measured in packets per <code>time</code> interval
:<li><b>time</b> - specifies the time interval in which the packet rate is measured
:<li><b>burst</b> - number of packets which are not counted by packet rate
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>log-prefix</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Adds specified text at the beginning of every log message. Applicable if <code>action=log</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-connection-mark</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-dscp</b></var> (<em>integer: 0..63</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-mss</b></var> (<em>integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-packet-mark</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-priority</b></var> (<em>integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-routing-mark</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>new-ttl</b></var> (<em>decrement | increment | set:integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>nth</b></var> (<em>integer,integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches every nth packet. [[NTH_in_RouterOS_3.x | Read more]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>out-bridge-port</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Actual interface the packet is leaving the router, if outgoing interface is bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>out-interface</b></var> (<em></em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Interface the packet is leaving the router</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>p2p</b></var> (<em>all-p2p | bit-torrent | blubster | direct-connect | edonkey | fasttrack | gnutella | soulseek | warez | winmx</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets from various peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols. Does not work on encrypted p2p packets.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>packet-mark</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets marked via mangle facility with particular packet mark</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>packet-size</b></var> (<em>integer[-integer]:0..65535</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets of specified size or size range in bytes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>per-connection-classifier</b></var> (<em>ValuesToHash:Denominator/Remainder</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>PCC matcher allows to divide traffic into equal streams with ability to keep packets with specific set of options in one particular stream. [[PCC | Read more >>]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>port</b></var> (<em>integer[-integer]: 0..65535</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches if any (source or destination) port matches the specified list of ports or port ranges. Applicable only if <code>protocol</code> is TCP or UDP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>protocol</b></var> (<em>name or protocol ID</em>; Default: <b>tcp</b>)</td>
    <td>Matches particular IP protocol specified by protocol name or number</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>psd</b></var> (<em>integer,time,integer,integer</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Attempts to detect TCP and UDP scans. Parameters are in following format <code>WeightThreshold, DelayThreshold, LopPortWeight, HighPortWeight</code>
<ul>
: <li> <b>WeightThreshold</b> - total weight of the latest TCP/UDP packets with different destination ports coming from the same host to be treated as port scan sequence
: <li> <b>DelayThreshold</b> - delay for the packets with different destination ports coming from the same host to be treated as possible port scan subsequence
: <li> <b>LowPortWeight</b> - weight of the packets with privileged (<=1024) destination port
: <li> <b>HighPortWeight</b> - weight of the packet with non-priviliged destination port
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>random</b></var> (<em>integer: 1..99</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets randomly with given probability.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>routing-mark</b></var> (<em>string</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets marked by mangle facility with particular routing mark</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>src-address</b></var> (<em>Ip/Netmaks, Ip range</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets which source is equal to specified IP or falls into specified IP range.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>src-address-list</b></var> (<em>name</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches source address of a packet against user-defined [[Address_list | address list]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>src-address-type</b></var> (<em>unicast | local | broadcast | multicast</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>
Matches source address type:
<ul>
: <li> <var>unicast</var> - IP address used for point to point transmission
: <li> <var>local</var> - if address is assigned to one of router's interfaces
: <li> <var>broadcast</var> - packet is sent to all devices in subnet
: <li> <var>multicast</var> - packet is forwarded to defined group of devices
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>src-port</b></var> (<em>integer[-integer]: 0..65535</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>List of source ports and ranges of source ports. Applicable only if protocol is TCP or UDP.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>src-mac-address</b></var> (<em>MAC address</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches source MAC address of the packet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>tcp-flags</b></var> (<em>ack | cwr | ece | fin | psh | rst | syn | urg</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches specified TCP flags
<ul>
: <li> <var>ack</var> - acknowledging data
: <li> <var>cwr</var> - congestion window reduced
: <li> <var>ece</var> - ECN-echo flag (explicit congestion notification)
: <li> <var>fin</var> - close connection
: <li> <var>psh</var> - push function
: <li> <var>rst</var> - drop connection
: <li> <var>syn</var> - new connection
: <li> <var>urg</var> - urgent data
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>tcp-mss</b></var> (<em>integer: 0..65535</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches TCP MSS value of an IP packet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>time</b></var> (<em>time-time,sat | fri | thu | wed | tue | mon | sun</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Allows to create filter based on the packets' arrival time and date or, for locally generated packets, departure time and date</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>ttl</b></var> (<em>equal | greater-than | less-than | not-equal : integer(0..255)</em>; Default: <b></b>)</td>
    <td>Matches packets TTL value.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>Stats</h2>
<p>
<code>/ip firewall filter print stats</code> will show additional read-only properties
<table class="styled_table">
<tr>
  <th width="40%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>bytes</b></var> (<em>integer</em>;)</td>
    <td>Total amount of bytes matched by the rule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>packets</b></var> (<em>integer</em>;)</td>
    <td>Total amount of packets matched by the rule</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<h2>Menu specific commands</h2>
<table class="styled_table">
<tr>
  <th width="40%">Property</th>
  <th >Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>reset-counters</b></var> (<em>id</em>;)</td>
    <td>Reset [[#Stats | statistics]] counters for specified firewall rules.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><var><b>reset-counters-all</b></var> (<em></em>;)</td>
    <td>Reset [[#Stats | statistics]] counters for all firewall rules.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>Basic examples</h2>
<h3>Change MSS</h3>


</div>
</div>

Revision as of 14:31, 5 October 2009

Summary

Sub-menu: /ip firewall mangle


Mangle is a kind of 'marker' that marks packets for future processing with special marks. Many other facilities in RouterOS make use of these marks, e.g. queue trees, NAT, routing. They identify a packet based on its mark and process it accordingly. The mangle marks exist only within the router, they are not transmitted across the network.
Additionaly, the mangle facility is used to modify some fields in the IP header, like TOS (DSCP) and TTL fields.

Properties

Property Description
action (action name; Default: accept) Action to take if packet is matched by the rule:
  • accept - accept the packet. Packet is not passed to next firewall rule.
  • add-dst-to-address-list - add destination address to Address list specified by address-list parameter
  • add-src-to-address-list - add source address to Address list specified by address-list parameter
  • change-dscp - change Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) field value specified by the new-dscp parameter
  • change-mss - change Maximum Segment Size field value of the packet to a value specified by the new-mss parameter
  • change-ttl - change Time to Live field value of the packet to a value specified by the new-ttl parameter
  • jump - jump to the user defined chain specified by the value of jump-target parameter
  • log - add a message to the system log containing following data: in-interface, out-interface, src-mac, protocol, src-ip:port->dst-ip:port and length of the packet. After packet is matched it is passed to next rule in the list, similar as passthrough
  • mark-connection - place a mark specified by the new-connection-mark parameter on the entire connection that matches the rule
  • mark-packet - place a mark specified by the new-packet-mark parameter on a packet that matches the rule
  • mark-routing - place a mark specified by the new-routing-mark parameter on a packet. This kind of marks is used for policy routing purposes only
  • passthrough - ignore this rule and go to next one (useful for statistics).
  • return - pass control back to the chain from where the jump took place
  • set-priority - set priority speciefied by the new-priority parameter on the packets sent out through a link that is capable of transporting priority (VLAN or WMM-enabled wireless interface). Read more>
  • strip-ipv4-options - strip IPv4 option fields from IP header.
address-list (string; Default: ) Name of the address list to be used. Applicable if action is add-dst-to-address-list or add-src-to-address-list
address-list-timeout (time; Default: 00:00:00) Time interval after which the address will be removed from the address list specified by address-list parameter. Used in conjunction with add-dst-to-address-list or add-src-to-address-list actions
Value of 00:00:00 will leave the address in the address list forever
chain (name; Default: ) Specifies to which chain rule will be added. If the input does not match the name of an already defined chain, a new chain will be created.
comment (string; Default: ) Descriptive comment for the rule.
connection-bytes (integer-integer; Default: ) Matches packets only if a given amount of bytes has been transfered through the particular connection. 0 - means infinity, for example connection-bytes=2000000-0 means that the rule matches if more than 2MB has been transfered through the relevant connection
connection-limit (integer,netmaks; Default: ) Restrict connection limit per address or address block/td>
connection-mark (string; Default: ) Matches packets marked via mangle facility with particular connection mark
connection-rate (Integer 0..4294967295; Default: ) Connection Rate is a firewall matcher that allow to capture traffic based on present speed of the connection. more>
connection-state (estabilished | invalid | new | related; Default: ) Interprets the connection tracking analysis data for a particular packet:
  • established - a packet which belongs to an existing connection
  • invalid - a packet which could not be identified for some reason
  • new - a packet which begins a new connection
  • related - a packet which is related to, but not part of an existing connection, such as ICMP errors or a packet which begins FTP data connection
connection-type (ftp | h323 | irc | pptp | quake3 | sip | tftp; Default: ) Matches packets from related connections based on information from their connection tracking helpers. A relevant connection helper must be enabled under /ip firewall service-port
content (string; Default: ) Match packets that contain specified text
dscp (integer: 0..63; Default: ) Matches DSCP IP header field.
dst-address (IP/netmask | IP range; Default: ) Matches packets which destination is equal to specified IP or falls into specified IP range.
dst-address-list (name; Default: ) Matches destination address of a packet against user-defined address list
dst-address-type (unicast | local | broadcast | multicast; Default: ) Matches destination address type:
  • unicast - IP address used for point to point transmission
  • local - if dst-address is assigned to one of router's interfaces
  • broadcast - packet is sent to all devices in subnet
  • multicast - packet is forwarded to defined group of devices
dst-limit (integer,time,integer,dst-address | dst-port | src-address, time; Default: ) Matches packets if given pps limit is exceeded. As opposed to the limit matcher, every destination IP address / destination port has it's own limit. Parameters are written in following format: count,time,burst,mode,expire.
  • count - maximum average packet rate measured in packets per time interval
  • time - specifies the time interval in which the packet rate is measured
  • burst - number of packets which are not counted by packet rate
  • mode - the classifier for packet rate limiting
  • expire - specifies interval after which recored ip address /port will be deleted
dst-port (integer[-integer]: 0..65535; Default: ) List of destination port numbers or port number ranges
fragment (yes|no; Default: ) Matches fragmented packets. First (starting) fragment does not count. If connection tracking is enabled there will be no fragments as system automatically assembles every packet
hotspot (auth | from-client | http | local-dst | to-client; Default: )
icmp-options (integer:integer; Default: ) Matches ICMP type:code fileds
in-bridge-port (name; Default: ) Actual interface the packet has entered the router, if incoming interface is bridge
in-interface (name; Default: ) Interface the packet has entered the router
ingress-priority (integer: 0..63; Default: ) Matches ingress priority of the packet. Priority may be derived from VLAN, WMM or MPLS EXP bit. Read more>
ipv4-options (any | loose-source-routing | no-record-route | no-router-alert | no-source-routing | no-timestamp | none | record-route | router-alert | strict-source-routing | timestamp; Default: ) Matches IPv4 header options.
  • any - match packet with at least one of the ipv4 options
  • loose-source-routing - match packets with loose source routing option. This option is used to route the internet datagram based on information supplied by the source
  • no-record-route - match packets with no record route option. This option is used to route the internet datagram based on information supplied by the source
  • no-router-alert - match packets with no router alter option
  • no-source-routing - match packets with no source routing option
  • no-timestamp - match packets with no timestamp option
  • record-route - match packets with record route option
  • router-alert - match packets with router alter option
  • strict-source-routing - match packets with strict source routing option
  • timestamp - match packets with timestamp
jump-target (name; Default: ) Name of the target chain to jump to. Applicable only if action=jump
layer7-protocol (name; Default: ) Layer7 filter name defined in layer7 protocol menu.
limit (integer,time,integer; Default: ) Matches packets if given pps limit is exceeded. Parameters are written in following format: count,time,burst.
  • count - maximum average packet rate measured in packets per time interval
  • time - specifies the time interval in which the packet rate is measured
  • burst - number of packets which are not counted by packet rate
log-prefix (string; Default: ) Adds specified text at the beginning of every log message. Applicable if action=log
new-connection-mark (string; Default: )
new-dscp (integer: 0..63; Default: )
new-mss (integer; Default: )
new-packet-mark (string; Default: )
new-priority (integer; Default: )
new-routing-mark (string; Default: )
new-ttl (decrement | increment | set:integer; Default: )
nth (integer,integer; Default: ) Matches every nth packet. Read more
out-bridge-port (name; Default: ) Actual interface the packet is leaving the router, if outgoing interface is bridge
out-interface (; Default: ) Interface the packet is leaving the router
p2p (all-p2p | bit-torrent | blubster | direct-connect | edonkey | fasttrack | gnutella | soulseek | warez | winmx; Default: ) Matches packets from various peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols. Does not work on encrypted p2p packets.
packet-mark (string; Default: ) Matches packets marked via mangle facility with particular packet mark
packet-size (integer[-integer]:0..65535; Default: ) Matches packets of specified size or size range in bytes.
per-connection-classifier (ValuesToHash:Denominator/Remainder; Default: ) PCC matcher allows to divide traffic into equal streams with ability to keep packets with specific set of options in one particular stream. Read more >>
port (integer[-integer]: 0..65535; Default: ) Matches if any (source or destination) port matches the specified list of ports or port ranges. Applicable only if protocol is TCP or UDP
protocol (name or protocol ID; Default: tcp) Matches particular IP protocol specified by protocol name or number
psd (integer,time,integer,integer; Default: ) Attempts to detect TCP and UDP scans. Parameters are in following format WeightThreshold, DelayThreshold, LopPortWeight, HighPortWeight
  • WeightThreshold - total weight of the latest TCP/UDP packets with different destination ports coming from the same host to be treated as port scan sequence
  • DelayThreshold - delay for the packets with different destination ports coming from the same host to be treated as possible port scan subsequence
  • LowPortWeight - weight of the packets with privileged (<=1024) destination port
  • HighPortWeight - weight of the packet with non-priviliged destination port
random (integer: 1..99; Default: ) Matches packets randomly with given probability.
routing-mark (string; Default: ) Matches packets marked by mangle facility with particular routing mark
src-address (Ip/Netmaks, Ip range; Default: ) Matches packets which source is equal to specified IP or falls into specified IP range.
src-address-list (name; Default: ) Matches source address of a packet against user-defined address list
src-address-type (unicast | local | broadcast | multicast; Default: )

Matches source address type:

  • unicast - IP address used for point to point transmission
  • local - if address is assigned to one of router's interfaces
  • broadcast - packet is sent to all devices in subnet
  • multicast - packet is forwarded to defined group of devices
src-port (integer[-integer]: 0..65535; Default: ) List of source ports and ranges of source ports. Applicable only if protocol is TCP or UDP.
src-mac-address (MAC address; Default: ) Matches source MAC address of the packet
tcp-flags (ack | cwr | ece | fin | psh | rst | syn | urg; Default: ) Matches specified TCP flags
  • ack - acknowledging data
  • cwr - congestion window reduced
  • ece - ECN-echo flag (explicit congestion notification)
  • fin - close connection
  • psh - push function
  • rst - drop connection
  • syn - new connection
  • urg - urgent data
tcp-mss (integer: 0..65535; Default: ) Matches TCP MSS value of an IP packet
time (time-time,sat | fri | thu | wed | tue | mon | sun; Default: ) Allows to create filter based on the packets' arrival time and date or, for locally generated packets, departure time and date
ttl (equal | greater-than | less-than | not-equal : integer(0..255); Default: ) Matches packets TTL value.

Stats

/ip firewall filter print stats will show additional read-only properties

Property Description
bytes (integer;) Total amount of bytes matched by the rule
packets (integer;) Total amount of packets matched by the rule


Menu specific commands

Property Description
reset-counters (id;) Reset statistics counters for specified firewall rules.
reset-counters-all (;) Reset statistics counters for all firewall rules.

Basic examples

Change MSS


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