Manual:IP/Firewall/L7

Applies to RouterOS: v3, v4 +

Summary

layer7-protocol is a method of searching for patterns in ICMP/TCP/UDP streams.

L7 matcher is collecting first 10 packets of connection or first 2KB of connection and searches for pattern in collected data. If pattern is not found in collected data, matcher is not inspecting further. Allocated memory is freed and protocol is considered as unknown. You should take into account that a lot of connections will significantly increase memory usage. To avoid it add regular firewall matchers to reduce amount of data passed to layer-7 filters.

Additional requirement is that layer7 matcher must see both directions of traffic (incoming and outgoing). To satisfy this requirement l7 rules should be set in forward chain. If rule is set in input/prerouting chain then the same rule must be set also in output/postrouting chain, otherwise collected data may not be complete resulting in incorrectly matched pattern.

L7 patterns found in l7-filter project page and in [1] are compatible with RouterOS.
You can also download a script with a list of common protocols here (only for RouterOS v3), just run Import command with this file.

Warning:

Properties

Sub-menu: /ip firewall layer7-protocol

Property	Description
name (string; Default: )	Descriptive name of l7 pattern used by configuration in firewall rules. See example >>.
regexp (string; Default: )	POSIX compliant regular expression used to match pattern.

Examples

Simple L7 usage example

First, add Regexp strings to the protocols menu, to define strings you will be looking for. In this example we will use pattern to match bittorent packets.

/ip firewall layer7-protocol
add comment="" name=bittorrent regexp="^(\\x13bittorrent
protocol|azver\\x01\$\
    |get /scrape\\\?info_hash=|get /announce\\\?info_hash=|get
/client/bitcomet\
    /|GET /data\\\?fid=)|d1:ad2:id20:|\\x08'7P\\)[RP]"

Then, use the defined protocols in firewall.

/ip firewall filter

# add few known protocols to reduce mem usage
add action=accept chain=forward comment="" disabled=no port=80 protocol=tcp
add action=accept chain=forward comment="" disabled=no port=443 protocol=tcp

# add l7 matcher
add action=accept chain=forward comment="" disabled=no layer7-protocol=\
    bittorrent protocol=tcp

As you can see before l7 rule we added several regular rules that will match known traffic thus reducing memory usage.

L7 in input chain

In this example we will try to match telnet protocol connecting to our router.

/ip firewall layer7-protocol
add comment="" name=telnet regexp=\
    "^\\xff[\\xfb-\\xfe].\\xff[\\xfb-\\xfe].\\xff[\\xfb-\\xfe]"

Note that we need both directions that is why we need also l7 rule in output chain that sees outgoing packets.

/ip firewall filter

add action=accept chain=input comment="" disabled=no layer7-protocol=telnet \
    protocol=tcp

add action=passthrough chain=output comment="" disabled=no layer7-protocol=telnet \
    protocol=tcp

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