Manual:Maximum Transmission Unit on RouterBoards: Difference between revisions

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   <td ><b>RB911G, RB912UAG</b></td>
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Revision as of 10:29, 29 April 2013

Background

It is sole responsibility of administrator to configure MTUs such that intended services and applications can be successfully implemented in network. In other words - administrator must make sure that MTUs are configured in a way that packet sizes does not exceed the capabilities of network equipment.

Originally MTU was introduced because of the high error rates and low speed of communications. Fragmentation of the data stream gives ability to correct corruption errors only by resending corrupted fragment, not the whole stream. Also on low speed connections such as modems it can take too much time to send a big fragment, so in this case communication is possible only with smaller fragments.

But in present days we have much lower error rates and higher speed of communication, this opens a possibility to increase the value of MTU. By increasing value of MTU we will result in less protocol overhead and reduce CPU utilization mostly due to interrupt reduction.

This way some non-standard frames started to emerge:

  • Giant or Jumbo frames - frames that are bigger than standard (IEEE) Ethernet MTU
  • Baby Giant or Baby Jumbo frames - frames that are just slightly bigger that standard (IEEE) Ethernet MTU

It is common now for Ethernet interfaces to support physical MTU above standard, but this can not be taken for granted. Abilities of other network equipment must be taken into account as well - for example, if 2 routers with Ethernet interfaces supporting physical MTU 1526 are connected through Ethernet switch, in order to successfully implement some application that will produce this big Ethernet frames, switch must also support forwarding such frames.

MTU on RouterOS

Different types of MTU


Mikrotik RouterOS recognizes several types of MTU:

  • IP/Layer-3/L3 MTU
  • MPLS/Layer-2.5/L2.5 MTU
  • MAC/Layer-2/L2 MTU
  • Full frame MTU



Full frame MTU

Full frame MTU indicates the actual size of the frame that are sent by particular interface. Frame Checksum is not included as it is removed by Ethernet driver as soon as frame reach its destination.

MAC/Layer-2/L2 MTU

L2MTU indicates the maximum size of the frame without MAC header that can be sent by this interface.

Starting from the RouterOS v3.25 L2MTU values can be seen in "/interface" menu. L2MTU support is added for all Routerboard related Ethernet interfaces, VLANs, Bridge, VPLS and wireless interfaces. Some of them support configuration of L2MTU value. All other Ethernet interfaces might indicate L2MTU only if the chip set is the same as Routerboard Ethernets.

This will allow users to check if desired setup is possible. Users will be able to utilize additional bytes for VLAN and MPLS tags, or simple increase of interface MTU to get rid of the some unnecessary fragmentation.

This table shows max-l2mtu supported by Mikrotik RouterBoards (Starting from the RouterOS v5.3 also available in "/interface print" menu as value of read-only "max-l2mtu" option):

Integrated Solutions

RouterBoard ether1 ether2 ether3 ether4 ether5 ether6 ether7 ether8 ether9 ether10 ether11 ether12-13
Groove A-5Hn, Groove 5Hn, SXT 5HnD 2028
RB750, RB750UP, RB751U-2HnD, OmniTik, RB951-2n 4076 2028 2028 2028 2028
RB750GL, RB751G-2HnD, RB951G-2HnD 4074 4074 4074 4074 4074
RB1200 4078 4078 4078 4078 4078 4080 4080 4080 9116 9116
RB1100AH 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9116 9116
RB1100AHx2 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9500 9116
CCR 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130 6130

RouterBOARD

RouterBoard ether1 ether2 ether3 ether4 ether5 ether6 ether7 ether8 ether9 ether10 ether11 ether12-13
RB411, RB411U, RB411AR, RB411AH, RB411UAHR 1526
RB433, RB433AH, RB433UAH, RB433L, RB450, RB493, RB493AH 1526 1522 1522 1522 1522 1522 1522 1522 1522
RB411GL, RB433GL 1524 1524 1524
RB435G, RB450G, RB493G 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520
RB711 series 2028
RB711G series 4076
RB800 9500 9500 9116
RB911G, RB912UAG 4076
RB2011 series 4074 4074 4074 4074 4074 2028 2028 2028 2028 2028 [sfp1] 4047

Old Products

RouterBoard ether1 ether2 ether3 ether4 ether5 ether6 ether7 ether8 ether9 ether10 ether11 ether12-13
RB600, RB600A, RB1000 9500 9500 9500 9500
RB1100 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9498 9116 9116
RB750G 1524 1524 1524 1524 1524
RB333 1632 1632 1632
RB1xx 1518 1518 1518 1518 1518 1514 1514 1514 1514
RB532, CrossRoads 1600 1600 1600
RB44G 7200 7200 7200 7200
RB44GV 9000 9000 9000 9000


All wireless interfaces in RouterOS (including Nstreme2)supports 2290 byte L2MTU

MPLS/Layer-2.5/L2.5 MTU

Configured in "/mpls interface" menu, specifies maximal size of packet, including MPLS labels, that is allowed to send out by the particular interface (default is 1508).

Make sure that MPLS MTU is smaller or equal to L2MTU

MPLS MTU affects packets depending on what action MPLS router is performing. It is strongly recommended that MPLS MTU is configured to the same value on all routers forming MPLS cloud because of effects MPLS MTU has on MPLS switched packets. This requirement means that all interfaces participating in MPLS cloud must be configured to the smallest MPLS MTU values among participating interfaces, therefore care must be taken to properly select hardware to be used.

MPLS Switching

If packet with labels included is bigger than MPLS MTU, MPLS tries to guess protocol that is carried inside MPLS frame.

If this is IP packet, MPLS produces ICMP Need Fragment error. This behavior mimics IP protocol behavior. Note that this ICMP error is not routed back to originator of packet but is switched towards end of LSP, so that egress router can route it back.

If this is not IP packet, MPLS simply drops it, because it does not know how to interpret the contents of packet. This feature is very important in situations where MPLS applications such as VPLS are used (where frames that are MPLS tagged are not IP packets, but e.g. encapsulated Ethernet frames as in case of VPLS) - if somewhere along the LSP MPLS MTU will be less than packet size prepared by ingress router, frames will simply get dropped.

IP ingress

When router first introduces label (or labels) on IP packet, and resulting packet size including MPLS labels exceeds MPLS MTU, router behaves as if interface MTU was exceeded - either fragments packet in fragments that does not exceed MPLS MTU when labels are attached (if IP Dont Fragment is not set), or generates ICMP Need Fragmentation error that is sent back to originator.

VPLS ingress

When router encapsulates Ethernet frame for forwarding over VPLS pseudowire, it checks if packet size with VPLS Control Word (4 bytes) and any necessary labels (usually 2 labels - 8 bytes), exceeds MPLS MTU of outgoing interface. If it does, VPLS fragments packet so that it honours MPLS MTU of outgoing interface. Packet is defragmented at egress point of VPLS pseudowire.

IP/Layer-3/L3 MTU

Configured as interface MTU setting (/interface <type> <name> set mtu=X). Specifies how big IP packets router is allowed to send out the particular interface.

If router receives IP packet of size 1500, but MTU for outgoing interface is set to 1400, router will either fragment the packet (if "Don't Fragment" bit is not set in IP header) or drop the packet and send ICMP "Need Fragmentation" error back to originator (this is essential for Path MTU Discovery to work).

Sometimes it can be bad idea to change IP MTU from its default 1500 bytes on router interfaces if complete path end-to-end is not in administrators control. Although IP fragmentation and end-to-end Path MTU Discovery is intended to handle this situation, if ICMP Need Fragmentation errors are filtered somewhere along the path, Path MTU Discovery will not work.

There are several features in MikroTik RouterOS that can benefit from possibility to exceed standard MTU

Simple Examples

In these examples we will take a look at frames entering and leaving router via Ethernet interfaces.

Simple Routing

The image shows the packet MTU size for simple routing, packets size is not modified.


MTUSimpleRouting.png


Routing with VLAN Encap

Each VLAN tag is 4 bytes long, VLAN tag is added by router. L2-MTU is increased by 4 bytes.


MTUVLANENCAP.png


Simple MPLS with tags

When MPLS is used as plain replacement for IP routing, only one label is attached to every packet, therefore packet size increases by 4 bytes, we have the situation with two MPLS labels. In order to be able to forward standard size (1500 bytes) IP packet without fragmentation, MPLS MTU must be set to at least 1508 for two MPLS labels.


MTUMPLS2Tags.png


VPLS Tunnel

Two MPLS labels are present, when remote endpoint is not directly attached. One MPLS label is used to get to remote endpoint, second label is used to identify VPLS tunnel.


MTUVPLS.png


L2MTU advanced example

In this example we will take a closer look at required L2MTU of all Ethernet like interfaces including Bridge, VLAN, VPLS interfaces.

In this setup we will have 3 routers:

  • Q-in-Q router - this router will receive standard 1500 byte Ethernet frame and will add two VLAN tags to the packet. Then packet will be sent out via Ethernet network to the second router
  • VPLS router - this router will remove outer VLAN tag and will bridge packet with the remaining VLAN tag with VPLS tunnel. VPLS tunnel will take packet through the MPLS network to the third router.
  • MPLS Edge router - will remove VPLS and VLAN tags and bridge packet to the client Ethernet network.


L2MTU example.png


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