View source for OSPF/Summarization and redistribution complex example

= OSPF routes redistribution, summarization and stub area complex example =

''Packages required: '''routing'''

Let's look at the network topology shown below. We have three routers connected to each other via ethernet. Routers R0 and R1 are MikroTik RouterBOARDs running RouterOS 3.25 and router R2 is Cisco 2611. R3 can be any other router, so cisco is taken just for example. Loopback interface on R0 also is just for example because I do not have ether3 on this router.


[[Image:OSPF_summary.jpeg]]

== Basic OSPF configuration ==

OSPF areas configuration is introduced below:

[[Image:OSPF_summarization_2.png]]

Router R1 is Area Border Router. We will make summarization here.

First of all let's configure basic parametrs on our routers.

'''R0 without external routes summarization'''

 /ip address
 add address=192.168.88.2/25 broadcast=192.168.88.127 comment="" disabled=no \
     interface=ether1 network=192.168.88.0
 add address=192.168.88.129/25 broadcast=192.168.88.255 comment="" disabled=no \
     interface=ether2 network=192.168.88.128
 add address=192.168.85.1/24 broadcast=192.168.85.255 comment="" disabled=no \
     interface=loopback0 network=192.168.85.0

This blackhole route will emulate remote network 192.168.84.0/24, which is reachable via static route:

 /ip route
 add disabled=no distance=1 dst-address=192.168.84.0/24 type=blackhole

Here we will start OSPF process on router R0 and change default parameters to enable redistribution of connected and static routes. Also we will add 192.168.88.0/24 network to OSPF routing process:

 /routing ospf area
 set backbone area-id=0.0.0.0 authentication=none disabled=no name=backbone \
    type=default
 /routing ospf
 set distribute-default=never metric-bgp=20 metric-connected=20 \
     metric-default=1 metric-rip=20 metric-static=20 mpls-te-area=unspecified \
     mpls-te-router-id=unspecified redistribute-bgp=no redistribute-connected=\
     as-type-1 redistribute-rip=no redistribute-static=as-type-1 router-id=0.0.0.0
 /routing ospf network
 add area=backbone disabled=no network=192.168.88.0/24

Lets's look at R0 routing table:
<pre>
[admin@R0] > /ip route print
Flags: X - disabled, A - active, D - dynamic,
C - connect, S - static, r - rip, b - bgp, o - ospf, m - mme,
B - blackhole, U - unreachable, P - prohibit
 #      DST-ADDRESS        PREF-SRC        GATEWAY-STATE GATEWAY               DISTANCE INTERFACE
 1 A SB 192.168.84.0/24                                                        1
 2 ADC  192.168.85.0/24    192.168.85.1                                        0        loopback0
 3 ADC  192.168.88.0/25    192.168.88.2                                        0        ether1
 4 ADC  192.168.88.128/25  192.168.88.129                                      0        ether2
 5 ADo  192.168.89.64/26                   reachable     192.168.88.3          110      ether1
</pre>

'''R1 without inter-area summarization'''

 /ip address
 add address=192.168.88.3/25 broadcast=192.168.88.127 comment="" disabled=no \
     interface=ether1 network=192.168.88.0
 add address=192.168.89.66/26 broadcast=192.168.89.127 comment="" disabled=no \
     interface=ether2 network=192.168.89.64

In the same way we will start OSPF process on router R1 as on R0.
Similarly, we will add 192.168.89.64/26 and 192.168.88.0/25 networks to OSPF routing process:

 /routing ospf area
 set backbone area-id=0.0.0.0 authentication=none disabled=no name=backbone \
     type=default
 add area-id=0.0.0.1 authentication=none default-cost=1 disabled=no \
     inject-summary-lsa=no name=area1 type=default
 /routing ospf
 set distribute-default=never metric-bgp=20 metric-connected=20 \
     metric-default=1 metric-rip=20 metric-static=20 mpls-te-area=unspecified \
     mpls-te-router-id=unspecified redistribute-bgp=no redistribute-connected=\
     no redistribute-rip=no redistribute-static=no router-id=0.0.0.0
 /routing ospf network
 add area=area1 disabled=no network=192.168.89.64/26
 add area=backbone disabled=no network=192.168.88.0/25

Lets's look at R1 routing table:

 Flags: X - disabled, A - active, D - dynamic,
 C - connect, S - static, r - rip, b - bgp, o - ospf, m - mme,
 B - blackhole, U - unreachable, P - prohibit
  #      DST-ADDRESS        PREF-SRC        GATEWAY-STATE GATEWAY               DISTANCE INTERFACE
  0 ADo  192.168.84.0/24                    reachable     192.168.88.2          110      ether1
  1 ADo  192.168.85.0/24                    reachable     192.168.88.2          110      ether1
  2 ADC  192.168.88.0/25    192.168.88.3                                        0        ether1
  3 ADo  192.168.88.128/25                  reachable     192.168.88.2          110      ether1
  4 ADC  192.168.89.64/26   192.168.89.66                                       0        ether2

'''R2 configuration'''

R2 configuration is very simple even if you don't know the syntax of Cisco IOS configuration:

 interface Ethernet0/0
  ip address 192.168.89.65 255.255.255.192
 !
 interface Ethernet0/1
  ip address 192.168.89.1 255.255.255.192
 !
 router ospf 1
  network 192.168.89.64 0.0.0.63 area 1
 !

0.0.0.63 is wildcard mask for network mask 255.255.255.192. Corresponding RouterOS configuration should look like this:

 /routing ospf network
  add area=area1 disabled=no network=192.168.89.64/26

Lets's look at R2 routing table (output omitted):

 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2    
        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
 ...
      192.168.89.0/26 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 C       192.168.89.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
 C       192.168.89.64 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
      192.168.88.0/25 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 O IA    192.168.88.0 [110/20] via 192.168.89.66, 00:10:10, Ethernet0/0
 O IA    192.168.88.128 [110/30] via 192.168.89.66, 00:10:14, Ethernet0/0
 O E1 192.168.85.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.89.66, 00:09:28, Ethernet0/0
 O E1 192.168.84.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.89.66, 00:09:57, Ethernet0/0

== Redistributing static routes and summarization ==

It's time to start inter-area routes and external routes summarization.

'''R0'''

Let's add blackhole summary route for static route 192.168.84.0/24 and connected route 192.168.85.0/24:

 /ip route
 add comment="" disabled=no distance=254 dst-address=192.168.84.0/23 type=\
     blackhole

With help of routing filter we will allow only summary route advertisement:

 /routing filter
 add action=accept chain=ospf-out comment="" disabled=no invert-match=no \
     prefix=192.168.84.0/23
 add action=discard chain=ospf-out comment="" disabled=no invert-match=no

Let's look at the routing table of R0 again:

 [admin@R0] > /ip route print
 Flags: X - disabled, A - active, D - dynamic,
 C - connect, S - static, r - rip, b - bgp, o - ospf, m - mme,
 B - blackhole, U - unreachable, P - prohibit
  #      DST-ADDRESS        PREF-SRC        GATEWAY-STATE GATEWAY               DISTANCE INTERFACE
  0 A SB 192.168.84.0/23                                                        254
  1 A SB 192.168.84.0/24                                                        1
  2 ADC  192.168.85.0/24    192.168.85.1                                        0        loopback0
  3 ADC  192.168.88.0/25    192.168.88.2                                        0        ether1
  4 ADC  192.168.88.128/25  192.168.88.129                                      0        ether2
  5 ADo  192.168.89.0/24                   reachable     192.168.88.3          110      ether1

Notice that route number 0 was added.

'''R1'''

R1 is Area Border Router. Here we can make inter-area summarization. Inter-area summarization was made with help of area ranges. Networks 192.168.88.0/25 and 192.168.88.128/25 are combined in 192.168.88.0/24. Network 192.168.89.64/26 is summarized in 192.168.89.0/24 (f.e. for future use):

 /routing ospf area range
 add advertise=yes area=backbone cost=default disabled=no range=192.168.88.0/24
 add advertise=yes area=area1 cost=default disabled=no range=192.168.89.0/24

Let's look at the routing table after aggregation and summarization:

 Flags: X - disabled, A - active, D - dynamic,
 C - connect, S - static, r - rip, b - bgp, o - ospf, m - mme,
 B - blackhole, U - unreachable, P - prohibit
  #      DST-ADDRESS        PREF-SRC        GATEWAY-STATE GATEWAY               DISTANCE INTERFACE
  0 ADo  192.168.84.0/23                    reachable     192.168.88.2          110      ether1
  1 ADC  192.168.88.0/25    192.168.88.3                                        0        ether1
  2 ADo  192.168.88.128/25                  reachable     192.168.88.2          110      ether1
  3 ADoU 192.168.89.0/24                                                        110
  4 ADC  192.168.89.64/26   192.168.89.66                                       0        ether2

Notice that route number 3 for 192.168.89.0/24 is presented as unreachable. This route is created automatically by routing process because it can't announce network until it have not any route to it (this is similarly to cisco ios behavior which creats automatic route to Null0 interface for such purpose).

'''R2'''

New routing table on router R2 will look as follows:

     192.168.89.0/26 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 C       192.168.89.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
 C       192.168.89.64 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
 O IA 192.168.88.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.89.66, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
 O E1 192.168.84.0/23 [110/40] via 192.168.89.66, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

== Area 1 in stub configuration ==

Finally let's configure area1 as a stub area. For this purpose we will configure area type as stub on both R1 and R2. In other case routers will not agree the Stub Area Flag and will not form the adjacency (like then authentication parameters did not match). 


'''R1'''

 /routing ospf area
 add area-id=0.0.0.1 authentication=none disabled=no name=area1 type=stub

'''R2'''

 router ospf 1
  area 1 stub
  network 192.168.89.64 0.0.0.63 area 1


Routing from the stub area is made via default route:

      192.168.89.0/26 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 C       192.168.89.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
 C       192.168.89.64 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.89.66, 00:06:33, Ethernet0/0

Russian version: http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Russian/Суммирование_и_перераспределение_маршрутов_OSPF

--[[User:Enk|shados]] 11:07, 17 June 2009 (EEST)

[[Category:Routing]]