Manual:Winbox
Summary
Winbox is a small utility that allows administration of Mikrotik RouterOS using a fast and simple GUI. It is a native Win32 binary, but can be run on Linux and Mac OSX using Wine.
All Winbox interface functions are as close as possible to Console functions, that is why there are no Winbox sections in the manual.
Some of advanced and system critical configurations are not possible from winbox, like MAC address change on an interface.
Starting the Winbox
Winbox loader can be downloaded directly from the router.
Open your browser and enter router's IP address, RouterOS welcome page will be displayed. Click on the link to download winbox.exe
When winbox.exe is downloaded, double click on it and winbox loader window will pop up:
To connect to the router enter IP or MAC address of the router, specify username and password (if any) and click on Connect button.
Note: It is recommended to use IP address whenever possible. MAC session uses network broadcasts and is not 100% reliable.
You can also use neighbor discovery, to list available routers by clicking on [...] button:
From list of discovered routers you can click on IP or MAC address column to connect to that router. If you click on IP address then IP will be used to connect, but if you click on MAC Address then MAC address will be used to connect to the router.
Note: Neighbor discovery will show also devices which are not compatible with Winbox, like Cisco routers or any other device that uses CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)
Description of buttons and fields of loader screen
- [...] - discovers and shows MNDP (MikroTik Neighbor Discovery Protocol) or CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) devices.
- Connect - Connect to the router
- Save - Save address, login, password and note. Saved entries are listed at the bottom of loader window.
- Remove - Remove selected entry from saved list
- Tools... - Allows to run various tools: removes all items from the list, clears cache on the local disk, imports addresses from wbx file or exports them to wbx file.
- Connect To: - destination IP or MAC address of the router
- Login - username used for authentication
- Password - password used for authentication
- Keep Password - if unchecked, password is not saved to the list
- Secure Mode - if checked, winbox will use TLS encryption to secure session
- Load Previous Session - if checked, winbox will try to restore all previously opened windows.
- Note - description of the router that will be saved to the list.
Warning: Passwords are saved in plain text. Anyone with access to your file system will be able to retrieve passwords.
Interface Overview
Winbox interface has been designed to be intuitive for most of the users. Interface consists of:
- Main toolbar at the top where users ca add various info fields, like CPU and memory usage.
- Menu bar on the left - list of all available menus and sub-menus. This list changes depending on what packages are installed. For example if IPv6 package is disabled, then IPv6 menu and all it's sub-menus will not be displayed.
- Work area - area where all menu windows are opened.
Title bar shows information to identify with which router Winbox session is opened. Information is displayed in following format:
[username]@[Router's IP or MAC] ( [RouterID] ) - Winbox [ROS version] on [RB model] ([platform])
From screenshot above we can see that user admin is logged into router with IP address 10.1.101.18. Router's ID is MikroTik, currently installed RouterOS version is v5.0beta1, RouterBoard is RB800 and platform is PowerPC.
On the Main toolbar's left side is located undo and redo buttons to quickly undo any changes made to configuration. On the right side is located:
- winbox traffic indicator displayed as a green bar,
- indicator that shows whether winbox session uses TLS encryption
- checkbox Hide password. This checkbox replaces all sensitive information (for example, ppp secret passwords) with '*' asterisk symbols.
Work Area and child windows
Winbox has MDI interface meaning that all menu configuration (child) widows are attached to main (parent) Winbox window and are showed in work area.
Child windows can not be dragged out of working area. Notice in screenshot above that Interface window is dragged out of visible working area and horizontal scroll bar appeared at the bottom. If any window is outside visible work area boundaries the vertical or/and horizontal scrollbars will appear.
Each child window has its own toolbar. Most of the windows have the same set of toolbar buttons:
Add - add new item to the list
Remove - remove selected item from the list
Enable - enable selected item (the same as enable command from console)
Disable - disable selected item (the same as disable command from console)
Comment - add or edit comment
Sort - allows to sort out items depending on various parameters. Read more >>
Almost all windows have quick search input field at the right side of the toolbar. Any text entered in this field is searched through all the items and highlighted as illustrated in screenshot below
Notice that at the right side next to quick find input filed there is a dropdown box. For currently opened (IP Route) window this dropdown box allows to quickly sort out items by routing tables. For example if main is selected, then only routes from main routing table will be listed.
Similar dropdown box is also in all firewall windows to quickly sort out rules by chains.
Sorting out displayed items
Almost every window has a Sort button. When clicking on this button several options appear as illustrated in screenshot below
Example shows how to quickly filter out routes that are in 10.0.0.0/8 range
- Press Sort button
- Chose Dst.Address from the first dropdown box.
- Chose in form the second dropdown box. "in" means that filter will check if dst address value is in range of specified network.
- Enter network against which values will be compared (in our example enter "10.0.0.0/8")
- These buttons are to add or remove another filter to the stack.
- Press Filter button to apply our filter.
As you can see from screenshot winbox sorted out only routes that are within 10.0.0.0/8 range.
Comparison operators (Number 3 in screenshot) may be different for each window. For example "Ip Route" window has only two is and in. Other windows may have operators such as "is not", "contains", "contains not".
Winbox allows to build stack of filters. For example if there is a need to filter by destination address and gateway, then
- set first filter as described in example above,
- press [+] button to add another filter bar in stack.
- set up seconf filter to filter by gateway
- press Filter button to apply filters.
You can also remove unnecessary filter from the stack by pressing [-] button.
Customizing list of displayed columns
By default winbox shows most commonly used parameters. However sometimes it is needed to see another parameters, for example "BGP AS Path" or other BGP attributes to monitor if routes are selected properly.
Winbox allows to customize displayed columns for each individual window. For example to add BGP AS path column:
- Click on little arrow button (1) on the right side of the column titles or right mouse click on the route list.
- From popped up menu move to Show Columns (2) and from the sub-menu pick desired column, in our case click on BGP AS Path (3)
Changes made to window layout are saved and next time when winbox is opened the same column order and size is applied.
Detail mode
It is also possible to enable Detail mode. In this mode all parameters are displayed in columns, first column is parameter name, second column is parameter's value.
To enable detail mode right mouse click on the item list and from the popupmenu pick Detail mode
Drag & Drop
It is possible to upload and download files to/from router using winbox drag & drop functionality.
Note: Drag & Drop does not work if winbox is running on Linux using wine. This is not a winbox problem, wine does not support drag & drop.
Traffic monitoring
Winbox can be used as a tool to monitor traffic of every interface, queue or firewall rule in real-time. Screenshot below shows ethernet traffic monitoring graphs.
Transferring Settings
On Windows Vista/7 Winbox settings are stored in: %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Mikrotik\Winbox\winbox.cfg
Simply copy this file to the same location on the new host.